İşyeri Arkadaşlığının Prososyal Kural İhlali Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Affetme İkliminin Rolü

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 241 - 254, 22.12.2020

Pelin Kanten Yener Pazarcık Selahattin Kanten Merve Gözde Durmaz

Öz

Prososyal kural ihlali, işgörenler tarafından biçimsel rol tanımlarının ötesinde sergilenen ve örgütsel amaçlara fayda sağlaması durumunda yapıcı ve olumlu olarak değerlendirilen bir davranış türüdür. Literatürde işgörenlerin prososyal kural ihlali davranışı sergilemeleri üzerinde örgütsel faktörlerin etkili olacağı sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, prososyal kural ihlali davranışını etkileyen örgütsel faktörler bağlamında affetme ikliminin ve işyeri arkadaşlığının rolü ele alınmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, araştırmanın amacı işyeri arkadaşlığının prososyal kural ihlali davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde affetme ikliminin aracılık rolünün belirlenmesidir. Araştırma amacı kapsamında Çanakkale ve Bursa illerinde faaliyet gösteren 4 ve 5 yıldızlı on adet otel işletmesinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlen 175 katılımcıya anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile değerlendirilmiş, hipotezlerin test edilmesinde yapısal eşitlik modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, işyeri arkadaşlığının prososyal kural ihlali davranışını etkilemediğini ancak affetme ikliminin prososyal kural ihlali davranışının boyutu olan iş arkadaşına yardım etme boyutunu olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, affetme ikliminin işyeri arkadaşlığı ile iş arkadaşına yardım etme ilişkisinde tam aracılık rolüne sahip olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşyeri Arkadaşlığı, Prososyal Kural İhlali Davranışı,, Affetme İklimi

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, E. & Braithwaite, V. (2006). Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Shame: Three Key Variables in Reducing School Bullying. Journal of Social Issues, 62(2), 347-370.
• Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S.M., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M. & Ryu, K. (2018). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30 (1), 514-538.
• Alparslan, A.M. (2016). İşyeri Arkadaşlığı. (Ed.: Kanten, Pelin; Kanten, Selahattin). Örgütlerde Davranışın Karanlık ve Aydınlık Yüzü. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Bary, C.M. & Wentzel, K.R. (2006). Friend influence on p rosocial behavior: The role of motivational factors and friendship characteristics. Dev Psychol, 42(1), 153-63.
• Berman, E.M., West, J.P. & Richter, M.N. (2002). Workplace Relations: Friendship Patterns and Consequences (According to Managers). Public Administration Review, 62(2), 217-230.
• Biçer, C. & Büyükyılmaz, O. (2017). The Effects of Workplace Friendship on Job Involvement. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 7(4), 214-220.
• Bolino, M.C. & Grant, A.M. (2016). The Bright Side of Being Prosocial at Work, and the Dark Side, Too: A Review and Agenda for Research on Other-Oriented Motives, Behavior, and Impact in Organizations, The Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 1-94.
• Boonyarit, I., Chuawanlee, W., Macaskil, A. & Supparerkchaisakul, N. (2013). A Psychometric Analysis of the Workplace Forgiveness Scale. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 9(2), 319–338.
• Cao, F. & Zhang, H. (2020). Workplace friendship, psychological safety and innovative behavior in China: A moderated-mediation model. Workplace friendship, psychological safety and innovative behavior in China: A moderated-mediation model", Chinese Management Studies, 14(3), 661-676
• Chen, C.Y., Hsieh, A.T. & Mao, H.Y. (2012). Role Ambiguity, Employee Gender, and Workplace Friendship. Psychological Reports, 110(3), 719-730.
• Cox, S.S. (2008). A Forgiving Workplace: An Investigation of Forgiveness Climate, Individual Differences and Workplace Outcomes, Louisiana Tech University, College of Business, Business Administration -Management, Unpublished Doctorate Degree Thesis, Louisiana.
• Cox, S.S. (2011). A Forgiving Workplace: An Investigation of Forgiveness Climate and Workplace Outcomes, Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1, 1-6.
• Curtis, C.R. (2010). An Investigation of Prosocial Rule Breaking within the Casual Restaurant Industry, University of Central Florida, Published Doctoral Dissertation, Florida.
• Dahling, J.J., Chau, S.L., Mayer, D.M. & Gregory, J.B. (2012). Breaking rules for the right reasons? An investigation of pro-social rule breaking, Journal of Organizational Behavior, J. Organiz. Behav., 33, 21-42.
• Fine, G. (1986). Friendship in the workplace. In V.J. Derlega, and B.A. Winstead (Eds.). Friendship and social interaction (pp. 185-206). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
• Fleming, C.J. (2019): Prosocial Rule Breaking at The Street Level: The Roles of Leaders, Peers, and Bureaucracy. Public Management Review, DOI:10.1080/14719037.2019.1619817
• Fornell, C. & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1).
• Gates, T.G., Rich, T. & Blackwood, R. (2019). Workplace Friendships Among Social Work, Counseling, and Human Service Educators: Exploring The Impact of Sexual Orientation and Friendships in Workplace Empowerment. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 34(1), 20–37.
• Guchait, P., Lanza-Abbott, J.A., Madera, J.M. & Dawson, M. (2016). Should Organizations Be Forgiving or Unforgiving? A Two-Study Replication of How Forgiveness Climate in Hospitality Organizations Drives Employee Attitudes and Behaviors. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 1–17.
• Gürlek, M., Erbaş, E. & Yeşiltaş, M. (2020). Affetmenin Gücü: Affetme İkliminin Öğrenme Odaklılık, Yardim Davranışı ve İşgören Mutluluğu Üzerindeki Etkileri. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(38), 767-790.
• Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle,C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial LEast Squares Structural Equations Modeling (PLS-SEM), Sage Publications, London.
• Hamilton, E.A. (2007). Firm friendship: Examining functions and outcomes of workplace friendship among law firm associates (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Boston College. Boston, MA.
• Hu, L. T. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
• Kahari, W.I., Mildred, K. & Micheal, Ns. (2017). The Contributon of Work Characteristcs And Risk Propensity In Explaining Pro-Social Rule Breaking Among Teachers In Wakiso District, Uganda. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 1-11.
• Kanten, S. (2016). Prososyal Örgütsel Davranışlar.(Ed.: Kanten, Pelin; Kanten, Selahattin). Örgütlerde Davranışın Karanlık ve Aydınlık Yüzü. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Karremans, J.C., Van Lange, P.A.M. & Holland, R.W. (2005). Forgiveness and Its Associations with Prosocial Thinking, Feeling, and Doing beyond the Relationship with the Offender. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 31(10), 1315-26.
• Lee, J.H.J. & Ok, C. (2011). Effects of Workplace Friendship on Employee Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Turnover Intention, Absenteeism, and Task Performance, Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism (6 Ocak 2011), 1-5.
• MacKenzie, S.B. & Podsakoff, P.M. (2012). Common method bias in marketing: causes, mechanisms, and procedural remedies, Journal of Retailing, 88(4), 542-555.
• Majeed, N. Jamshed, S., Mustamil; N.M. (2018). Striving to Restrain Employee Turnover Intention Through Ethical Leadership and Pro-Social Rule Breaking. International Online Journal of Educational Leadership, 2(1), 39-53.
• Mao, H.Y. (2006). The relationship between organizational level and workplace friendship. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(10), 1819-1833.
• Morrison, E.W. (2006). Doing the Job Well: An Investigation of Pro-Social Rule Breaking. Journal of Management, 32(1), 5-28.
• Nielsen, I.K., Jex, S.M. & Adams, G.A. (2000). Development and Validation of Scores On a Two-Dimensional Workplace Friendship Scale, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(4), 628-643.
• Özbek, M.F. (2018). Do We Need Friendship in the Workplace? The Theory of Workplace Friendship and Employee Outcomes: The Role of Work Ethics. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 58, 153-176.
• Öztürk, S. (2018). Organizational Forgiveness and Organizational Commitment of Teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(5), 1107-1118.
• Padilla-Walker, L.M., Fraser, A., Black, B.B. & Bean, R.A. (2014). Associations Between Friendship, Sympathy, and Prosocial Behavior Toward Friends. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25(1).
• Pillemer; J. & Rothbard, N.P. (2018). Friends without Benefits: Understanding The Dark Sides of Workplace Friendship. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1–2.
• Podsakoff, P.M. & Organ, D.W. (1986). Self-Peports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects, Journal of Management, 12(4), 531-544.
• Rabaglietti, E., Vacirca, M.F. & Pakalniskiene, W. (2013). Social-emotional competence and friendships: prosocial behaviour and lack of behavioural self-regulation as predictors of quantity and quality of friendships in middle childhood. European Journal of Child development, Education and Psychopathology, 1(1), 5-20.
• Rahimnia, F., Gholami, M. & Nosrati, S. (2018). The Impact of Perceived Forgiveness Climate on the Attitudes and Work Behaviors of Employees of Mashhad Apartment Hotels and Hostels. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 7(24), 18-21.
• Song, S.H. (2006). Workplace Friendship and Employees’ Productivity: Lmx Theory and The Case of the Seoul City Government. International Review of Public Administration, 11(1), 47-58.
• Vardaman, J.M., Gondan, M.B., Allen, D.G. (2014). Ethical Climate and Pro-Social Rule Breaking in The Workplace, Human Resource Management Review, 108-118.
• Yeşiltaş, M., Kanten, P. & Kanten, S. (2018). Yetenek Yönetimi Stratejilerinin İşe Gömülmüşlük Üzerindeki Etkisinde Psikolojik Sözleşme Algısının Aracılık Rolü, 6.Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 906-922.
• Zhou, X., Lynch, J.G. & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis, Journal of Consumer Research, 37,197-206.
• Zhu, J., Xu, S., Ouyang, K., Herst, D., Farndale, E. (2018). Ethical Leadership and Employee Pro-Social Rule-Breaking Behaviour in China. Asian Bus. Manage., 17, 59-81.