Seyahat Acentasında Uzaktan Çalışanların Ulaşılabilirlik, İlgililik, Yetkinlik ve İşle İlgili Sapkın Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki: Çalışma Grubu Katılımının Rolü

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 339 - 351, 19.12.2023

Ali Dalgıç Derya Toksöz

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı seyahat acentasında uzaktan çalışanların bireysel özelliklerinin iş ile ilgili sapkın davranışları üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Diğer bir amaç ise, belirtilen ilişkide çalışma grubu katılımının aracılık etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma verileri seyahat acentalarının pazarlama, rezervasyon, satış ve operasyon birimlerinde çalışanlardan toplanmıştır. 323 geçerli verinin analizi sonucunda, ulaşılabilirliğin, ilgililiğin ve yetkinliğin işle ilgili sapkın davranışlar üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışma grubuna katılım değişkeninin ulaşılabilirliğin, ilgililiğin ve yetkinliğin işle ilgili sapkın davranışlar üzerindeki etkisine kısmen aracılık ettiği görülmüştür. Uzaktan çalışanların ulaşılabilirliğinin, ilgililiğinin ve yetkinliğinin onların işle ilgili sapkın davranışlarını azaltabileceği belirtilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ulaşılabilirlik, İlgililik, Yetkinlik, Çalışma Grubu Katılımı, İşle İlgili Sapkın Davranış

Etik Beyan

This study was carried out the decision of Isparta University of Applied Sciences Ethics Committee at its meeting dated 30.11.2021 and numbered 76/01.

Relationships Among Reachability, Relatedness, Competence, and Work-Related Deviant Behavior of Travel Agency Employees Working Remotely: The Role of Work Group Involvement

Öz

The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of individual characteristics of remote workers in the tourism sector on their work-related deviant behavior. The study reveals how work group involvement mediates the impact of individual characteristics on this behavior. Research data were collected from employees working in the marketing, reservation, sales, and operation units of travel agencies. Analysis of 323 valid data found that reachability, relatedness, and competence had significant and negative impacts on work-related deviant behavior. Moreover, work group involvement partially mediated the effect of reachability, relatedness, and competence on work-related deviant behavior. The study indicated that remote workers’ reachability, relatedness and competence can reduce their work-related deviant behaviors. Moreover, these employee characteristics can further reduce work-related deviant behaviors along with work group involvement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Reachability, Relatedness, Competence, Work Group Involvement, Work-related Deviant Behavior

Etik Beyan

This study was carried out the decision of Isparta University of Applied Sciences Ethics Committee at its meeting dated 30.11.2021 and numbered 76/01.

Kaynakça

• Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1988). Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(4), 317-334.
• Ahn, J. & Back, K.J. (2018). Integrated resort: a review of research and directions for future study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 69, pp. 94-101.
• Ahn, J. (2020). Understanding the role of perceived satisfaction with autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the CSR context. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 2027-2043.
• Ahn, J., & Back, K. J. (2019). The role of autonomy, competence and relatedness: Applying self-determination theory to the integrated resort setting. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 87-104.
• Ahn, J., Back, K. J., & Boger, C. (2019a). Effects of integrated resort experience on customers’ hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(8), 1225-1255.
• Ahn, J., Back, K. J., & Choe, Y. (2019b). Customers’ needs satisfaction: A scale validation with refinement in the integrated resort setting. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 82, 39-47.
• Alderfer, C. P. (1972). Existence, relatedness, and growth: Human needs in organizational settings. Free Press.
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
• Anvari, A. F., Soltani, I., & Rafiee, M. (2016). Providing the applicable model of performance management with competencies oriented. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230, 190-197.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
• Baumeister, R.F., & Leary, M.R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.
• Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349
• Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2003). The past, present, and future of workplace deviance research. In J. Greenberg (Ed.), Organizational behavior: The state of the science (pp. 247–281). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
• Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
• Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this" We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 83.
• Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609-623.
• Buss, D. (1993). Ways to curtail employee theft. Nation's Business, pp. 36, 38.
• Camp, K. M., Young, M., & Bushardt, S. C. (2022). A millennial manager skills model for the new remote work environment. Management Research Review, 45(5), 635-648.
• Chen, C. T., Hu, H. H. & King, B. (2018). Shaping the organizational citizenship behavior or workplace deviance: Key determining factors in the hospitality workforce. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, 1-8.
• Chen, Y., Wang, X., Benitez, J., Luo, X., & Li, D. (2022). Does Techno-invasion Lead to Employees’ Deviant Behaviors?. Journal of Management Information Systems, 39(2), 454-482.
• Christian, J. S., & Ellis, A. P. (2014). The crucial role of turnover intentions in transforming moral disengagement into deviant behavior at work. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(2), 193-208.
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
• Elbaz, A. M., Haddoud, M. Y., & Shehawy, Y. M. (2018). Nepotism, employees’ competencies and firm performance in the tourism sector: A dual multivariate and Qualitative Comparative Analysis approach. Tourism Management, 67, 3-16.
• Fan, J., Zhang, M., Wei, X., Gursoy, D., & Zhang, X. (2021). The bright side of work-related deviant behavior for hotel employees themselves: Impacts on recovery level and work engagement. Tourism Management, 87, 104375.
• Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 39-50.
• Fotiadis, A., Abdulrahman, K., & Spyridou, A. (2019). The mediating roles of psychological autonomy, competence and relatedness on work-life balance and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1267.
• Gonzales, A. L., & Wu, Y. (2016). Public cellphone use does not activate negative responses in others… Unless they hate cellphones. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21(5), 384-398.
• Hadidi, R., & Power, D. (2020). Technology adoption and disruption – Organizational implications for the future of work. Journal of the Midwest Association for Information Systems, 1, 1.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis a global perspective. New Jersey: Pearson.
• Henke, J. B., Jones, S. K., & O’Neill, T. A. (2022). Skills and abilities to thrive in remote work: What have we learned. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 893895.
• Henle, C. A. (2005). Predicting workplace deviance from the interaction between organizational justice and personality. Journal of Managerial Issues, 17 (2), 247-263.
• Hobman, E. V., Bordia, P., & Gallois, C. (2004). Perceived dissimilarity and work group involvement: The moderating effects of group openness to diversity. Group & Organization Management, 29(5), 560-587.
• Hogg, M., A. & Abrams, D., (1988). Social Identifications: A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes. London: Routledge.
• Hu, B., Liu, J., & Qu, H. (2019). The employee-focused outcomes of CSR participation: The mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, 129-137.
• Ivergård, T. (2000). An ergonomics approach for work in the next millennium in an IT world. Behaviour & Information Technology, 19(2), 139-148.
• Janene-Nelson, K., & Sutherland, L. (2020). Work together anywhere: A handbook on working remotely-successfully-for ındividuals, teams, and managers. John Wiley & Sons.
• Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific software international.
• Karakowsky, L., & McBey, K. (2001). Do my contributions matter? The influence of imputed expertise on member involvement and self-evaluations in the work group. Group & Organization Management, 26(1), 70-92.
• Kaushal, V., & Srivastava, S. (2021). Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on challenges and learnings from India. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 102707.
• Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
• Kong, H. (2013). Relationships among work-family supportive supervisors, career competencies, and job involvement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 304-309.
• KTB (2020). Number of travel agencies by year. [https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-243988/yillaragore-seyahat-acentasi-sayilari.html]. Access Date: 07 May 2021.
• Kuru, O., & Pasek, J. (2016). Improving social media measurement in surveys: Avoiding acquiescence bias in Facebook research. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 82-92.
• Maznevski, M. L. (1994). Understanding our differences: performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. Human Relations, 47(5), 531-552.
• Mor-Barak, M. E., & Cherin, D. A. (1998). A tool to expand organizational understanding of workforce diversity: Exploring a measure of inclusion-exclusion. Administration in Social Work, 22(1), 47-64.
• Ngoc Su, D., Luc Tra, D., Thi Huynh, H. M., Nguyen, H. H. T., & O’Mahony, B. (2021). Enhancing resilience in the Covid-19 crisis: lessons from human resource management practices in Vietnam. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(22), 3189-3205.
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). An overview of psychological measurement. Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders, 97-146.
• O’Neill, T. A., & Hastings, S. E. (2011). Explaining workplace deviance behavior with more than just the “Big Five”. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 268-273.
• Osei, A. J., & Ackah, O. (2015). Employee’s competency and organizational performance in the pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(3), 1-9.
• Paulsson, K., Ivergård, T., & Hunt, B. (2005). Learning at work: competence development or competence-stress. Applied Ergonomics, 36(2), 135-144.
• Potnuru, R. K. G., & Sahoo, C. K. (2016). HRD interventions, employee competencies and organizational effectiveness: an empirical study. European Journal of Training and Development, 40(5), 345-365.
• Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419-435.
• Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572.
• Scott, D., Bishop, J. W., & Chen, X. (2003). An examination of the relationship of employee involvement with job satisfaction, employee cooperation, and intention to quit in US invested enterprise in China. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 3-19.
• Sekaran, U. (1992). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
• Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (Six Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Shackel, B. (2000). People and computers—some recent highlights. Applied Ergonomics, 31(6), 595-608.
• Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312-321.
• Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 269-292.
• Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2010). Counterproductive work behavior and organisational citizenship behavior: Are they opposite forms of active behavior?. Applied Psychology, 59(1), 21-39.
• Spencer, L.M. & Spencer, S. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. Wiley, New York, NY.
• TG (2020). The damage assessment survey in tourism has been concluded. [https://www.turizmgunlugu.com/2020/04/17/turizmde-hasar-tespiti-anketi-sonuclandi/]. Access Date: 01 April 2020.
• Trieu, P., Bayer, J. B., Ellison, N. B., Schoenebeck, S., & Falk, E. (2019). Who likes to be reachable? Availability preferences, weak ties, and bridging social capital. Information, Communication & Society, 22(8), 1096-1111.
• Van Orden, K. A., Cukrowicz, K. C., Witte, T. K., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2012). Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness: construct validity and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 24(1), 197.
• Wheaton, B. (1987). Assessment of fit in over identified models with latent variables. Sociological Methods and Research, 16(1), 118–154.
• Zhuang, W. L., Chen, K. Y., Chang, C. L., Guan, X. H., & Huan, T. C. (2020). Effect of hotel employees’ workplace friendship on workplace deviance behaviour: Moderating role of organisational identification. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102531.
• Zikmund, W. G. (2003). Business research methods (7th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western.