How Critical is Preschool Attendance for Students to Build a Higher Science Self-efficacy? A Comparative Study of Finland, Singapore, and Turkey Using PISA 2015 Data

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 56, 81 - 103, 31.03.2020

Nurcan Cansız Ulaş Üstün Mustafa Cansız Ertuğrul Özdemir

Abstract

Preschool attendance rates have been increasing in recent decades yet there is some level of deviation throughout the participating countries in PISA. Finland and Singapore are the countries with a very high level of preschool attendance rates while the attendance rate in Turkey lags evidently behind the OECD average. In this study, we investigate the association between preschool attendance and science self-efficacy for these countries using the PISA 2015 data. PISA is an international survey study on 15-year-old students’ science, mathematics and reading literacies to evaluate the education systems in the participating countries. Regression analyses for each country have revealed that students’ preschool attendance is associated with their science self-efficacy scores to some degree in all three countries. The difference in self-efficacy seems to be getting larger as the preschool attendance increases. Singapore has the highest effect size while Turkey has the lowest one considering the magnitude of the association

Keywords

Science self-efficacy, preschool attendance, PISA 2015, science education

Okul Öncesi Eğitime Katılım Fen Öz-yeterliğinin Gelişmesi Açısından Ne Ölçüde Önemlidir? PISA 2015 Verisine Dayalı Finlandiya, Singapur ve Türkiye Karşılaştırması

Abstract

Okul öncesi eğitime katılım oranlarında son yıllarda artış gözlenmesine rağmen PISA’ya katılan ülkeler arasında bu katılım oranları açısından belirli düzeyde farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Finlandiya ve Singapur okul öncesi eğitime katılım oranının çok yüksek olduğu iki ülke iken Türkiye'de bu oran OECD ortalamasının belirgin bir şekilde gerisindedir. Bu çalışmada, bu üç ülke için öğrencilerin okul öncesi eğitime katılımları ile fen öz-yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişki PISA 2015 verisi kullanılarak araştırılmaktadır. PISA, 15 yaşındaki bireylerin fen, matematik ve okuma alanlarındaki okuryazarlık düzeylerini ölçerek katılımcı ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlayan uluslararası bir çalışmadır. Her bir ülke için yapılan regresyon analizleri, üç ülkede de okul öncesi eğitime katılımın fen öz-yeterlik puanını belirli ölçüde yordadığını ortaya koymuştur. Diğer bir ifadeyle, öğrencilerin okul öncesi eğitime katılım süreleri arttıkça fen öz yeterlik puanlarının da arttığı göze çarpmaktadır. Bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkinin büyüklüğü dikkate alındığında Singapur en yüksek etki büyüklüğü değerine sahipken, Türkiye etki büyüklüğünün en düşük olduğu ülke olarak dikkat çekmektedir

Keywords

Fen öz-yeterliği, okulöncesieğitimekatılım, PISA 2015, fen eğitimi

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