Nose Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale Outcomes in Covid 19 Patients in the Turkish Population and Prognostic Factors Affecting the Scale

Abstract

Objective: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid 19) is a viral pandemic that emerged in East Asia and spread rapidly to the rest of the world and continues in our country. This study aims to evaluate the subjective severity of nasal obstruction with the Turkish Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (T-NOSE) in patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid 19 infection and to compare with the control group.

Material and Methods: One hundred fifty-seven patients with confirmed Covid 19 infection (group 1, n=157) and 91 individuals without Covid 19 infection as the control group (group 2, n=91) were included in the study. Nasal obstruction complaints of adult patients with Covid 19 infection were evaluated with the T-NOSE scale test and compared with the control group. Covid 19 patients were grouped according to the degree of thoracic CT involvement and the day that the NOSE test was performed.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the NOSE scale parameters of the Covid group and the control group (p=0.19). Also, Covid 19 patients were grouped according to the thoracic CT involvement degree and divided into three groups according to the day of the NOSE test. The relationship between these values, and NOSE was evaluated, and no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.65, p=0.385).

Conclusion: T-NOSE is a valid instrument with good internal consistency, reliability, and responsive instrument that is brief and easy to complete and has potential use for outcome studies in adults Covid 19 patients with nasal obstruction

Keywords

• NOSE
• Turkish NOSE
• Covid 19
• Nasal obstruction
• adult

References

1. 1. Ozen G, Koc H, Aksoy C. Health anxiety status of elite athletes in COVID-19 social isolation period. Bratisl Med J 2020;121(12): 88893. google scholar
2. 2. Fiorillo L, Cervino G, Matarese M, D’Amico Cesare, Surace Giovanni, Paduano Valeria, et al. COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(9):3132. google scholar
3. 3. Zhang Y, Xu J, Li H, Cao B. A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: A call for action. Chest 2020;157(4):e99-e101. google scholar
4. 4. Yang Y, Shang W, Rao X. Facing the COVID-19 outbreak: What should we know and what could we do? J Med Virol 2020;92(6):536-7. google scholar
5. 5. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382(18):1708-20. google scholar
6. 6. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506. google scholar
7. 7. Karahatay S, Taşlı H, Karakoç Ö, Aydın Ü, Türker T. Reliability and validity of the Turkish Nose Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale. Turk J Med Sci 2018;48:212-6. google scholar
8. 8. Vukkadala N, Qian ZJ, Holsinger FC, Patel ZM, Rosenthal E. COVID-19 and the Otolaryngologist: Preliminary Evidence-Based Review. Laryngoscope 2020;130(11):2537-43. google scholar

9. 9. Stewart MG, Witsell DL, Smith TL, Weaver EM, Yueh B, Hannley MT. Development and validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130(2):157-63. google scholar
10. 10. Marro M, Mondina M, Stoll D, de Gabory L. French validation of the NOSE and Rhino QOL questionnaires in the management of nasal obstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;144(6):988-93. google scholar
11. 11. Bezerra TF, Padua FG, Pilan RR, Stewart MG, Voegels RL. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a quality of life questionnaire: the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire. Rhinology 2011;49(2):227-31. google scholar
12. 12. Mozzanica F, Urbani E, Atac M, Scotta G, Luciano K, Bulgheroni C, et al. Reliability and validity of the Italian Nose Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (I-NOSE) scale. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013;270(12):3087-94. google scholar
13. 13. Lachanas VA, Tsiouvaka S, Tsea M, Hajiioannou JK, Skoulakis CE. Validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale for Greek patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;151(5):819-23. google scholar
14. 14. Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokinestorm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2017;39(5):529-39. google scholar
15. 15. Krajewska J, Krajewski W, Zub K, Zatonski T. COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020;277(7):1885-97. google scholar
16. 16. Lovato A, de Filippis C. Clinical Presentation of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Focusing on Upper Airway Symptoms. Ear Nose Throat J 2020;99(9):569-76. google scholar
17. 17. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Place S, Van Laethem Y, Cabaraux P, Mat Q, et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Intern Med 2020;288(3):335-44. google scholar
18. 18. Casey KP, Borojeni AAT, Koenig LJ, Rhee JS, Garcia GJM. Correlation between subjective nasal patency and ıntranasal airflow distribution. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017;156 (4):741-50. google scholar
19. 19. Lam DJ, James KT, Weaver EM. Comparison of anatomic, physiological, and subjective measures of the nasalairway. Am J Rhinol 2006;20(5):463-70. google scholar
20. 20. Cannon DE, Rhee JS. Evidence-Based Practice: Functional Rhinoplasty. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012;45(5):1033-43. google scholar
21. 21. Gu JT, Kaplan S, Greenfield S, Calloway H, Wong BJF. Validation of a Septoplasty Deformity Grading System for the Evaluation of Nasal Obstruction. Laryngoscope 2019;129(3):586-93. google scholar
22. 22. Barone M, Cogliandro A, Di Stefano N, Tambone V, Persichetti P. A Systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures after rhinoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016;274(4):1807-11. google scholar
23. 23. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang P, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020;395(10224):565-74. google scholar