TERPINOLENE IS AN EFFECTIVE ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOUND TO PROTECT Hordeum vulgare L. FROM Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc.
Year 2022,
, 71 - 79, 15.04.2022
Zeynep Danışman
,
Şule İnan
,
Esma Özsoy
,
Emre Yörük
,
Tapani Yli-mattila
Abstract
Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. is an important phytopathogen. Fight against F. avenaceum includes primarily fungicide usage. However, novel strategies are needed in a struggle with F. avenaceum. In this study, terpinolene was used against F. avenaceum as an antimicrobial agent, and the harmlessness of terpinolene was tested on two contrast barley genotypes, Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Cervoise and H. vulgare L. cv. Premium. Firstly, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were detected as 6 and 3 µg µL-1. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was informative about the effects of terpinolene on enniatin and zearalenone biosynthesis in F. avenaceum. Terpinolene leads to the potential decreased enniatin and zearalenone biosynthesis in F. avenaceum. However, no significant differences were recorded for gene expression of aurofusariun biosynthesis. In barley, electroconductivity (EC), catalase (CAT) activity, coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA), and qRT-PCR assays were tested. No significant ion leakage differences (p>0.05) were detected. Similarly, CAT activity and water loss rate (WLR) values in barley sets were not affected (p>0.05) by terpinolene treatment in majority of experiment sets. Relatively low levels of genomic template instability (75-85%) and epigenetics changes (11-20.6%) were recorded in barley due to terpinolene treatment. WRKY6, WRKY24, and WRKY41 expressions were not significantly changed. The findings showed that terpinolene could be accepted as a potential plant protective agent against phytopathogenic fungi.
Supporting Institution
İstanbul Yeni Yüzyil University
Thanks
The authors are grateful to Dr. Ayşe Feyza Turan Dülger (İstanbul-Turkey) for providing H. vulgare L. primers.
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Year 2022,
, 71 - 79, 15.04.2022
Zeynep Danışman
,
Şule İnan
,
Esma Özsoy
,
Emre Yörük
,
Tapani Yli-mattila
Abstract
Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. önemli bir bitki patojenidir. Fusarium avenaceum ile mücadele temelde fungisit kullanımını içerir. Ancak yeni stratejilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada iki zıt arpa genotipi olan Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Cervoise and H. vulgare L. cv. Premium genotiplerinde terpinolenin zararsız etkileri ve F. avenaceum’a karşı antimikrobiyal etkileri araştırıldı. İlk olarak minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonları (MİK) ve üremeyi baskılayan yarı konsantrasyon (IC50) değerleri 6 and 3 µg µL-1 olarak belirlendi. Gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (kPZR) F. avenaceum’da zearalenone ve enniatin üretimi üzerinde terpinolenin etkisinin belirlenmesinde bilgi verici oldu. Terpinolene F. avenaceum’da enniatin ve zearalenone üretiminde potansiyel baskılamaya sebep oldu. Buna karşın aurofusariun biyosentez gen analtımında anlamlı farklılık görülmemiştir. Arpada elektrokonduktivite (EK), katalaz (KAT) aktivitesi, CRED-RA analizi ve kPZR analizleri test edildi. EK değerlerinde bilimsel olarak anlamlı (p>0,05) farklılık gözlemlenmedi. Benzer şekilde deney setlerinin çoğunda katalaz aktivitesi ve su kaybetme oranları (SKO) terpinolene uygulamasından etkilenmedi (p>0,05). Arpada terpinolene uygulamasına bağlı olarak göreceli olarak düşük genomik instabilite (%75-85) ve epigenetik değişimler (%11-20,6) kaydedildi. WRKY6, WRKY24 ve WRKY41 gen anlatımları anlamlı farklılık göstermedi. Bulgular terpinolenin fitopatojenik mantarlara karşı potansiyel bir bitki koruma ajanı olarak kabul edilebileceğini göstermektedir.
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- 22. Irzykowska, L., Bocianowski, J. & Baturo-Cieśniewska, A. 2013. Association of mating-type with mycelium growth rate and genetic variability of Fusarium culmorum. Central European Journal of Biology, 8: 701-711.
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- 25. Jestoi, M., Rokka, M., Yli-Mattila, T., Parikka, P., Rizzo, A. & Peltonen, K. 2004. Presence and concentrations of the Fusarium-related mycotoxins beauvericin, enniatins and moniliformin in finnish grain samples. Food Additives and Contaminants, 21: 794-802.
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