Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de yetişen Phytolacca americana L. (Pokeweed) meyvesinin farklı kısımlarının antioksidan, antibakteriyel, antibiyofilm ve antikanser potansiyelleri araştırılmıştır. Antioksidan potansiyellerini değerlendirmek için radikal süpürücü aktiviteleri, indirgeme aktivitesi ve toplam fenolik içerik belirlendi. Ekstraktın Enterococcus faecalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium'a karşı antibakteriyel ve antibiyofilm aktiviteleri, agar-kuyu difüzyon, minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) ve biyofilm inhibitör konsantrasyon (BIC) testleri yapılarak değerlendirildi. Doza bağlı olarak apoptoz başlangıcını geciktirmenin yanı sıra, MDA-MB-231 ve MCF-7 hücreleri üzerinde anti-proliferatif etkilerin potansiyeli araştırıldı. En yüksek serbest radikal süpürücü aktivite ve fenolik içerik, çekirdek ekstraktında bulundu. Çekirdek ekstraktı en yüksek inhibisyon zonu ve test edilen bakteri suşlarına karşı da 2.5-5 mg/mL MIC konsantrasyonlarında önemli bir antibakteriyel aktivite gösterdi. Daha da önemlisi, çekirdek ekstraktının test edilen bakteri suşlarına karşı 2.5-10 mg/mL BIC konsantrasyonlarında erken faz biyofilm oluşumunun inhibisyonunda etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ek olarak, P. americana meyvesinin diğer kısımlarına kıyasla çekirdek ekstraktı, 48 ve 72 saat boyunca farklı konsantrasyonlarda hücreler üzerinde anlamlı anti-büyüme etkileri sergilemiştir. Daha sonra, MDA-MB-231 ve MCF-7 hücrelerinde çekirdek ekstraktının hücre ölümünün ana mekanizmaları araştırıldı. Buna göre apoptoz morfolojik olarak değerlendirildiğinde, doza bağlı olarak hem Hoechst 33342 hem de Propidium Iodide (PI) pozitifliği gösteren hücrelerde geç apoptoz gözlendi. Bu çalışma P. americana çekirdek ekstraktının alternatif tıp çalışmalarına katkıda bulunabileceğini ve ilaç endüstrisinde potansiyel bir güce sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Project Number

KUAP(F)-2018/19

In vitro EVALUATIONS OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF Phytolacca americana L. (POKEWEED) SEED EXTRACT

Abstract

In this study, different parts of Phytolacca americana L. (Pokeweed) fruit from Türkiye were investigated for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticancer potentials. The radical scavenging activities, reducing power and total phenolic content were determined to appraise of the antioxidant potentials. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts against Enterococcus faecalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium were evaluated by using agar-well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) assays. In addition of latening the onset of apoptosis depending on dose, the potential of the anti-proliferative effects was investigated on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The highest free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content were found in the seed extract. Seed extract showed the highest inhibition zones and significant antibacterial activity at 2.5-5 mg/mL MIC concentrations against tested bacterial strains. More significantly, seed extract was found effective on inhibition of early phase biofilm formation at 2.5-10 mg/mL. BIC concentrations against tested bacterial strains. Next, the main mechanisms of cell death of the seed extract in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were investigated. Accordingly, when apoptosis was evaluated morphologically, late apoptosis was observed in cells that showed both Hoechst 33342 and Propidium Iodide (PI) positivity in a dose-dependent manner. This study showed that P. americana seed extract can contribute to alternative medicine studies and have potential power in pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords

• Methanolic extract
• Agar well diffusion
• Minimum inhibitory concentration
• Fluorescence staining
• Antibiofilm

Supporting Institution

Bursa Uludağ University Scientific Research Project Commission

Project Number

KUAP(F)-2018/19

Thanks

The authors wish to express their hearty thanks to the late Prof. Dr. Hulusi Malyer (Bursa, TÜRKİYE) from Botanic Department, for providing the fruits of the P. americana.

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