Abstract

Henüz sağlık üzerindeki etkileri tam olarak bilinmese de elektronik sigaralar, son yıllarda dünya çapında popüler hale gelmiştir. Yasal düzenlemelerin eksikliği, beraberinde ürün etiketinde yazan ve gerçekten içerikte bulunan maddeler arasında bir tutarsızlık olmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yaygın olarak kullanılan e-sıvıların içeriklerini ve iki farklı hücre hattı üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçladık. Erişilebilirlik ve popülerliklerine göre on bir e-sıvı numunesi seçildi. E-sıvılardaki nikotin, propilen glikol (PG), gliserin (GLY) ve uçucu bileşikler, yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ve gaz kromatografisi (GC) kullanılarak analiz edildi. E-sıvıların, sağlıklı karaciğer hücre hattı THLE-2 ve faringeal karsinom hücre hattı Detroit 562 modelleri üzerinde hücre canlılığına etkisi, 3-(4,5-dimetiltiyazolil-2)-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür (MTT) canlılık testi kullanılarak belirlendi. Nikotin miktarlarının ürün etiketleriyle uyumlu olduğu bulundu. PG ve GLY ise sadece markalar arasında değil aynı marka içindeki ürünler için de farklılık gösterdi. THLE-2 hücre canlılığı, e-sıvı konsantrasyonu ile ters orantılı olarak bulundu. Bununla beraber, hücre canlılığındaki azalmalar nikotin miktarı ile ilişkili değildi. İlginç bir şekilde, bazı numunelerin Detroit 562 hücreleri üzerindeki etkileri, düşük dozlarda canlılıkta azalma, orta konsantrasyonlarda hücre hayatta kalması ve en yüksek dozlarda canlılık kaybı olmak üzere üç fazlı olarak gözlemlendi. E-sıvıların analitik bileşimi, farklı hücresel etkilere karşılık gelen ürünler arasında büyük farklılıklar göstermektedir. Kanser hücrelerinin canlılığının doza bağlı bir şekilde değişmemesi, bu ürünlerin sonuçlarında hücresel farklılıkların rol oynadığını düşündürmektedir.

Project Number

114Z687 / 15-BIL-033

COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes have become popular worldwide in recent years although their effects on human health are still not properly known. The lack of regulations brings a problem of inconsistency between ingredients and the product label. We aimed to analyse the contents of widely used e-liquids and their effects on two different cell lines. Eleven e-liquid samples were selected according to their availability and popularity. Nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), glycerine (GLY), and volatile compounds in e-liquids were analysed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay was used to determine the effects of e-liquids on transformed human normal liver epithelial cell line (THLE-2) and human pharyngeal carcinoma cell line (Detroit 562). Nicotine amounts were found to be consistent with product labels. and GLY were not only different between brands but also for products within the same brand. THLE-2 cell viability was inversely correlated with e-liquid concentration. However, decreases in cell viability were not correlated with nicotine amount. Interestingly, effects of several samples on Detroit 562 cells were triphasic; decrease in viability at lower doses, cell survival in mid-concentrations and loss of viability in highest doses. The analytical composition of e-liquids differs greatly among products which corresponds to different cellular effects. Viability of cancer cells does not change in a dose-dependent manner, which suggest that cellular differences may play role in the outcome of these products. 

Keywords

• Electronic cigarettes
• electronic liquids
• chromatographic analysis
• cell viability

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBİTAK) / Ege University Science and Technology Centre

Project Number

114Z687 / 15-BIL-033

Thanks

Authors thank Nazire Duygu ASKER AKSOY (İzmir, TÜRKİYE) for contributions on sample collection.

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