Identification of benthic habitat types of the Çanakkale Strait coast using the European Nature Information System and the Barcelona Convention habitat classification schemes

Abstract

The Çanakkale Strait is important in terms of its location within the Turkish Straits System and its biodiversity. Since it is a Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA), it is important to determine the existing habitat types. Although the use of European Nature Information System (EUNIS) and Barcelona Convention (BC) habitat classification systems in marine habitat studies has just begun in Türkiye, studies using these systems have been carried out in numerous countries over many years. This study aimed to identify habitat types in the supra-, medio- and upper infralittoral (down to 0.5 m depth) zones of the Çanakkale Strait, in accordance with the EUNIS and the BC classifications. The SACFOR abundance scale was applied to zoo- and phytobenthic species in determining these habitat types. Field studies were carried out in soft and hard substrate areas at 16 stations between May and August 2019. Fourteen marine benthic habitat types have been determined using EUNIS and 12 using the BC systems from rock, biogenic, coarse and sand sediment types. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between the benthic marine habitat types determined for the supra- and upper infralittoral zones according to BC and EUNIS. On the contrary, in the mediolittoral zone, a statistically low significant difference was found between habitat types for both habitat classification systems (R = 0.318, p = 0.004 for EUNIS; R = 0.514, p = 0.001 for BC). In this study, the differences and similarities of habitat types in defined EUNIS and BC systems are discussed. The EUNIS habitat classification system was found to be more representative than BC of the studied area, but both classification systems were found to be insufficient for the Eastern Mediterranean littoral communities and a new habitat hierarchy is needed. We present this study as a paradigm for future application to marine habitat studies to be carried out in Turkish waters.

Keywords

• EUNIS
• Barcelona Convention
• benthic habitat classification
• Turkish Straits System
• Çanakkale Strait

Supporting Institution

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University The Scientific Research Coordination Unit

Project Number

FYL-2019–304

Ethical Statement

No animal experiments were performed in the article and therefore ethics committee approval is not required.

Thanks

The authors thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ertan Dağlı (İzmir-Türkiye) for his help in identifying the species in the Polychaeta phylum. We would also like to thank the Construction Materials Laboratory team of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale Vocational School of Technical Sciences. We would like to appreciate to Dr. Graham Saunders (Edinburgh-Scotland), the member of the editorial board, for his valuable contributions.

Abstract

Çanakkale Boğazı, Türk Boğazlar Sistemi içerisindeki konumu ve biyolojik çeşitliliği açısından önem taşımaktadır. Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi olması nedeniyle mevcut habitat tiplerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Türkiye'de deniz habitatı çalışmalarında Avrupa Doğa Bilgi Sistemi (EUNIS) ve Barselona Sözleşmesi (BC) habitat sınıflandırma sistemlerinin kullanımına yeni başlanmış olmasına rağmen, birçok ülkede bu sistemlerin kullanıldığı çalışmalar uzun yıllardan beri yürütülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Çanakkale Boğazı'nın supra, medio- ve üst infralittoral (0,5 m derinliğe kadar) bölgelerindeki habitat tiplerinin EUNIS ve BC sınıflandırmalarına uygun olarak belirlenmesini amaçlamıştır. Bu habitat tiplerinin belirlenmesinde zoo- ve fitobentik türlere SACFOR bolluk ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Mayıs ve Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında 16 istasyonda yumuşak ve sert substrat alanlarında saha çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kaya, biyojenik, kaba ve kum sediment tiplerinden EUNIS kullanılarak 14, BC sistemleri kullanılarak 12 deniz bentik habitat tipi belirlendi. BC ve EUNIS'e göre supra- ve üst infralittoral bölgeler için belirlenen bentik denizel habitat tipleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p > 0.05). Aksine, mediolittoral bölgede her iki habitat sınıflandırma sistemi için de habitat tipleri arasında istatistiksel olarak düşük anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (EUNIS için R = 0,318, p = 0,004; BC için R = 0,514, p = 0,001). Bu çalışmada EUNIS ve BC’deki habitat tiplerinin farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri tartışılmaktadır. EUNIS habitat sınıflandırma sisteminin çalışılan alanı BC’den daha iyi temsil ettiği görülmüştür, ancak her iki sınıflandırma sisteminin de Doğu Akdeniz kıyı toplulukları için yetersiz olduğu ve yeni bir habitat hiyerarşisine ihtiyaç duyulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmayı, Türkiye sularında gerçekleştirilecek deniz habitatı çalışmalarına gelecekte uygulanabilecek bir örnek olarak sunuyoruz.

Project Number

FYL-2019–304

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