SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Öz

Fırsatçı patojenik bakteriler, virülans ifadelerini koordine etmek için Quorum Sensing (QS) sistemini kullanır. Dolayısıyla QS sistemi, bakteriyel enfeksiyonların kontrolü için yeni bir yaklaşım olarak tercih edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2 Gram-pozitif, 7 Gram-negatif patojenik bakteri üzerinde analiz edilen Viscum album L. bitkisinin gövde, yaprak ve meyve gibi bölümlerine ait etanol, kloroform ve diklorometan:metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal, anti-biyofilm ve anti-quorum sensing aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Kullanılan bitki parçası ekstraktına ve test mikroorganizmasına bağlı olarak, 50-250mg/ml arasında değişen konsantrasyonlarda ekstraklar test edildi. 50mg/ml’lik konsantrasyonda antimikrobiyal aktivite görülmediği için anti-quorum sensing ve antibiyofilm çalışmalarında bu konsantrasyon kullanılmıştır. En iyi biyolojik aktivitenin görüldüğü çözücünün ise diklorometan:metanol olduğu saptandı. Ekstraktların anti-quorum sensing aktiviteleri, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 biyosensör suşu ve sinyal molekülü N- (β-ketokaproil) -L-homoserin lakton (3-okso-C6-HSL)’nün bulunduğu besiyerinde agar difüzyon deneyi kullanılarak da tespit edilmiştir. Biyofilm, mikrotiter plaka testi ve kristal viyole kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Yaprak ve gövde kısımlarının antimikrobiyal, anti-biyofilm ve anti-quorum sensing aktivitesi, meyve ekstraktına göre daha yüksek verimlilik göstermiştir. V. album özütlerinin, biyofilm ya da QS inhibisyonu yoluyla mikrobiyal enfeksiyonları tedavi etme potansiyeline sahip olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anti-quorum sensing,Anti-biofilm activity,Antibacterial activity,Viscum album L.

SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Abstract

Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria use the Quorum Sensing (QS) system to coordinate their virulence expressions. Thus, QS can likely be a new approach to control bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of ethanol, chloroform, and dichloromethane: methanol extracts of leaf, stem, and fruits of the European mistletoe Viscum album L. on 2 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The extracts at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250mg/ml were tested depending on the extracts of the plant parts and the test bacteria. The extract with 50mg/ml concentration, in which no antimicrobial activity was observed, was used for anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm studies. The dichloromethane: methanol extracts were found to show the highest biological activities. QS activities of the plant extracts were also determined using the recently established Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 reporter strain and the signaling molecule N-(ß-ketocaproyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) agar well diffusion assay. Biofilm was quantified using the microtiter plate test and the crystal violet assay. Anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activity of leaf and stem extracts showed higher efficiency than fruit extracts. It was concluded that the extracts of V. album had the potential to treat microbial infections by biofilm inhibition or inhibition of QS.

Keywords

• Anti-quorum sensing,Anti-biofilm activity,Antibacterial activity,Viscum album L.

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