INTRASPECIFIC VARIATIONS STUDIED BY ISSR AND IRAP MARKERS IN MASTIC TREE (Pistacia lentiscus L.) FROM TURKEY

Abstract

In this study, intra-specific variations in naturally growing and cultivated mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) samples obtained from western parts of Turkey were examined using ISSR and IRAP marker techniques. Samples from Crete and Chios were also included in the study. Morphological measurements of some leaf characteristics of the samples were performed and the measured data was evaluated statistically with a Pearson Correlation analysis to reveal the correlations between character pairs. ISSR primers produced 81 bands between 161-1884bp with 96.3% polymorphism and IRAP primers produced 72 bands between 124-2027bp with 91.67% polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.458 and 0.418 for ISSR and IRAP, respectively. Genetic similarity matrix was examined with Jaccard’s coefficient. Maximum similarity was found between the Cretan samples (LG2 and LG3) with the ISSR analysis (0.933) and between L25A (C1, Bodrum) and L29A (C1, Milas) with the IRAP analysis (0.593). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram was divided into 12 and 4 groups by ISSR and IRAP methods, respectively. Specimens were segregated on 3 main different clusters by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the combined marker systems. The results showed that P. lentiscus has very high ratios of intraspecific variation. The present work is an original study in terms of large sampling including wild genotypes, cultivated specimen, Chios and Cretan varieties, use of ISSR and IRAP combination, determination of relations between culture and wild genotypes and the use of Bagy-1 retrotransposons in intraspecific polymorphism. This study may be considered as a reference study for studies on gene pools of P. lentiscus and phylogenetic relationships within the species and may contribute to species concept and agricultural breeding programs.

Keywords

• IRAP,ISSR,Phylogenetics analysis

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATIONS STUDIED BY ISSR AND IRAP MARKERS IN MASTIC TREE (Pistacia lentiscus L.) FROM TURKEY

Öz

Bu çalışmada, ISSR ve IRAP markör teknikleri kullanılarak Türkiye’nin batı kesiminde doğal olarak yetişen ve kültürü yapılan sakız ağacı (Pistacia lentiscus L.) örneklerindeki tür içi varyasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Girit ve Sakız Adası örnekleri de çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bazı yaprak özelliklerinin morfolojik ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve aralarındaki korelasyon Pearson Korelasyon analizi ile belirlenmiştir. ISSR primerleri 161-1884bç arasında %96,3 polimorfizm ile 81 bant üretmiştir. IRAP primerleri ise 124-2027bç arasında %91,67 polimorfizm ile 72 bant üretmiştir. Polimorfizm bilgi içeriği (PIC) değerleri 0,458 (ISSR) ve 0,418 (IRAP) arasında bulunmuştur. Genetik benzerlik matriksleri Jaccard katsayısıyla oluşturulmuştur. ISSR sonuçlarında en yüksek benzerlik Girit örnekleri (LG2 ve LG3) arasında (0,933) ve IRAP sonuçlarında ise L25A (C1, Bodrum) ve L29A (C1, Milas) arasında bulunmuştur. UPGMA yöntemiyle kurulan dendrogramlarda sırasıyla ISSR için 12 grup ve IRAP için 4 grup ayrılmıştır. Her iki markör sistemi için ortak kurulan temel bileşen analizi (PCA) grafiğinde 3 farklı küme oluşmuştur. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki, P. lentiscus yüksek oranlarda tür içi varyasyona sahiptir. Bu çalışma, ISSR ve IRAP markörlerinin yabani genotipler, kültür türleri, Sakız Adası ve Girit çeşitlerinin analizinde kullanımı, kültür varyeteleri ve yabani genotipler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi ve tür içi polimorfizmde Bagy-1 retrotranspozonlarının kullanımı açısından özgün bir çalışmadır. Söz konusu çalışma, P. lentiscus gen havuzunun ve filogenetik ilişkilerinin araştırılması, tür sınırlarını saptamaya yönelik yapılacak tarımsal ıslah çalışmaları için referans niteliğindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• IRAP,ISSR,Phylogenetics analysis

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