THE INTRODUCED NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS Juglans L. IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE AND THEIR USE

Abstract

The article presents generalized scientific researches and experimental data on the bioecological peculiarities of the North American species of the Juglans L. genus. The peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of development are revealed. Juglans cinerea L., J. rupestris Engelm. and J. major (Torr.) A. Heller were the first to wake up and J. nigra L., J. californica S. Wats., and J. hindsii (Jeps.) Jeps. ex R.E. Sm. wake up a little later. The biorhythm of woody plants is closely related to the increase in the sum of active (+10°C) and effective (+5°C) temperatures. Juglans cinerea and J. rupestris require the smallest sum of effective temperatures for buds swelling, that is 28.9 and 34.1°C, respectively; J. hindsii require the largest sum of effective temperatures -57.1°C and J. nigra require 50.6°C. Investigation of growth dynamics shows that intensive growth of all species of the Juglans genus was observed in May-June. The vegetation period in all Juglans species lasts 183-206 days. The development cycle of North American walnuts under research conditions is shifted towards the summer-autumn period. When determining frost resistance, it was found that the species are characterized by an average degree of subfreezing. All species genus are promising for use in ornamental horticulture of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, as evidenced by the full acclimatization of J. nigra and J. cinerea, good acclimatization of J. rupestris and J. major and satisfactory acclimatization of J. сalifornica and J. hindsii. It is established that J. nigra are promising for the development of highly productive forest plantations.

Keywords

• North American Juglans spp.
• growth
• seasonal rhythm of development
• flowering
• fruit bearing
• winter and frost resistance
• introduction
• forest crops

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Juglans L. cinsinin Kuzey Amerika türlerinin biyolojik özellikleri ile ilgili genel bilimsel araştırmalar ile deneysel bulgular sunulmuştur. Bu türlere ilişkin mevsimsel gelişim özelliklerinin detayları ortaya konmuştur. Juglans cinerea L., J. rupestris Engelm. ve J. major (Torr.) A. Heller ilk uyanan türler iken J. nigra L., J. californica S. Wats. ve J. hindsii (Jeps.) Jeps. ex R.E. Sm. biraz daha geç uyanmışlardır. Odunsu bitkilerin biyolojik ritimleri aktif (+10°C) ve efektif (+5°C) sıcaklık değerlerinin toplamındaki artış ile yakında ilişkilidir. Juglans cinerea ve J. rupestris tomurcuklanma için en düşük toplam efektif sıcaklık değerlerine (sırasıyla 28.9 °C ve 34.1°C), J. hindsii ve J. nigra ise en yüksek değerlere (sırasıyla -57.1°C ve 50.6°C). Büyüme dinamiklerinin incelenmesi tüm Juglans türlerindeki yoğun büyümenin Mayıs-Haziranda yaşandığını göstermiştir. Tüm türlerdeki vejetasyon süresi 183-206 gün sürmektedir. Kuzey Amerika kökenli cevizlerin araştırma sahası koşullarındaki gelişim döngüsü yaz-sonbahar dönemine doğru kaymıştır. Dona dayanıklılık tespiti için yapılan çalışmalar tüm türlerin ortalama bir donma derecesi ile karakterize olduklarını göstermiştir. Tüm türler Sağ Yaka Ukrayna orman-step bölgesinde süs bitkiciliği kullanımı için gelecek vaat etmektedirler ki bu durum J. nigra ve J. cinerea’nın tam, J. rupestris ve J. major’ın iyi derecede ve J. сalifornica ve J. hindsii’nin yeterli derecede uyum sağlamış olmalarıyla desteklenmektedir. Juglans nigra’nın yüksek üretkenlikte orman alanları oluşturulmasında ümit veren bir tür olduğu düşünülmektedir.

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