Öz

Çalışmada bir şeker endüstrisi atık su arıtma tesisinin anaerobik reaktörünün mikrobiyal özellikleri klonlama, FISH (Floresan in situ hibridizasyon) ve metagenomik analiz kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Örnekler 148. operasyon gününde reaktörün yedi farklı girişinden alınmıştır. Sıcaklık mezofilik koşullarda tutulmuştur. Sistem 6,8 pH aralığında çalışmıştır. Klonlama sonuçları, bakteri klonlarının çoğunun kültüre alınmamış Bacteria üyelerine ait olduğunu göstermiştir. Birçok arkeal klon, kültüre alınmamş Archaea ve Methanosarcina ile ilişkilidir. FISH yöntemi de örneklerin mikrobiyal kompozisyonunu belirlemek için uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar bakteriyel ve arkel türlerin neredeyse eşit oranlarda bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Örneklerde çubuk şeklindeki hücreler, uzun basiller, koklar ve uzun zincirler tespit edilmiştir. Metagenomik analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde ise, tüm örneklerde, Archaea domaini üyelerinin %60-36 oranları arasında ve Bakteri domaini üyelerinin ise %58-31 oranları arasında bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Filum düzeyinde, tüm örneklerde Euryarchaeota filumunun en baskın filum olduğu saptanmıştır. Proteobacteria (%14,8-21,97) ve Actinobacteria (%5,53-15,94) filumlarının da yüksek oranda olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca örneklerde Spirochaeotes (%0,63-4,82) ve Bacteroidetes (%1,72-2,38) üyeleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, yapılan analizler ile yüksek konsantrasyonlu organik şeker atıksu reaktöründe hem bakteriyel hem de arkael popülasyonları ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, daha verimli anaerobik arıtma sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olacaktır.

THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF AN ANAEROBIC REACTOR IN A SUGAR INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT-FROM CLASSICAL TO NEW APPROACHES

Abstract

In this study, the microbial characteristics of the anaerobic reactor of a sugar industry wastewater treatment plant were analyzed using cloning, FISH (Fluoresan in situ hybridization) and metagenomic analysis. Samples were obtained from seven different ports of the reactor on the 148th day of operation. The temperature was maintained at mesophilic conditions. The system’s pH range was operated at 6.8. The cloning results showed that most of the bacterial clones belonged to uncultured members of the Bacteria domain. Many archaeal clones were related to uncultured Archaea and Methanosarcina. The FISH method was applied to determine the microbial composition of the samples, which showed that bacterial and archaeal species had nearly equal rates. Rod-shaped cells, long bacilli, coccus and long chains were detected in the samples. After metagenomic analysis, in all samples, Archaea domain members ranged between 60-36% and Bacteria domain members ranged between 58-31%. At the phylum level, in all samples, Euryarchaeota was the most dominant phylum. Proteobacteria (14.8-21.97%) and Actinobacteria (5.53-15.94%) phyla were high in rate. Furthermore, members of Spirochaeotes (0.63-4.82%) and Bacteroidetes (1.72-2.38%) were analyzed in the samples. This study revealed both bacterial and archaeal populations in the reactor of high-concentration organic sugar wastewater. These results will help in the development of more efficient anaerobic treatment systems.

Keywords

• Anaerobic reactor
• 16S rRNA gene cloning
• FISH
• microbial diversity
• metagenomic analysis

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