Çeltikte (Oryza sativa L.) Tarla Koşullarında Tuz Stresine Toleransı Arttıracak Uygun Organik Gübreleme ve Mikorizal Yöntemlerin Tespiti

Year 2016, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 17 - 27, 15.06.2016

Mehmet Aybeke

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı; çeltikte tuzlu ortamlarda toleransı artıracak uygun organik gübreleme ve mikorizal yöntemlerin
tespitidir. Bunun için doğal tuz stresi altındaki çeltiklerde bazı agronomik, biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik parametreler
araştırılmıştır. Çimlenme aşamasından hasat dönemine kadar bitkiler tuzlu nehir suları ile tarla koşullarında yetiştirilmiş ve
sadece gübreleme olarak mikoriza, belediye katı atık, çay yaprakları, saman, zeytin gübresi ve tavuk gübresinin değişik
oranlarda karışımları ile elde edilen gübrelerle uygulama yapılmıştır. Hasat dönemine gelen bitkilerden örnekleme ile bitkiler
alınarak bunlardan agronomik (bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak kın uzunluğu, kardeşlenme, yaprak alanı, salkım boyu,
kavuzlu, kırıklı/kırıksız ve 1000 dane ağırlıkları), biyokimyasal (klorofil a ve b değerleri), fizyolojik analizler (köklerde Na, K,
Ca, Si) yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; vejetatif karakterlerin (yaprak sayısı hariç) MSW, MSW+çay yaprakları+saman, MSW+çay
yaprakları+saman+tavuk veya zeytin gübreli denemelerle, klorofil b miktarının mikoriza hariç diğer denemelerle (saman, tavuk
ve zeytinli denemeler), kökte düşük Na mineral seviyesinin ve klorofil a seviyesindeki artışlarının (biyokimyasal parametre)
özellikle mikorizal + MSW ikilisi veya mikoriza + MSW + çay’lı denemelerle sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunlara ilaveten
verim düşüşünde bir değişim olmamıştır; ama bazı katkılar gerekmektedir. En iyi denemenin, 2 no’lu test yani saman
(100kg/dönüm) + MSW (75g/2,5m2
) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla tespit edilen oranlarla yapılan organik atık ve
mikorizal gübrelemenin tuz stresine karşı bitkiyi koruyucu olduğu anlaşılmıştır. 

Keywords

Stres, organik atık, prina, saman, tavuk gübresi, katı şehir atıkları

THE DETECTION OF APPROPRIATE ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND MYCORRHIZAL METHOD ENHANCING SALT STRESS TOLERANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

Abstract

This study was performed in order to identify the appropriate organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal methods for promoting rice tolerance in response to salty environmental conditions. For this purpose, some agronomic, biochemical and physiological parameters were investigated in rice under natural salt stress. The plants were grown in saline field conditions from germination to harvest stage and fertilizing consisted of only a mixture of different ratios of mycorrhizal, municipal solid waste (MSW), waste tea leaves, straw, olive manure and chicken manure. Samples of the plants were taken when they reached harvesting stage and their agronomical properties (plant height, number of leaves, leaf sheaths length, tillering, leaf area, panicle length, total and milled rice values and 1000 grain weight) were recorded and biochemical (chlorophyll a and b) and physiological analysis (Na, K, Ca, Si amounts in roots) were performed. The results showed that improvements in vegetative characters except leaf number were obtained with trials with MSW, MSW+waste tea leaves+straw or MSW+waste tea leaves+straw+chicken or olive manure including fertilizers, increase in chlorophyll b content was obtained with trials except with mycorrhiza, and decreased root Na levels and increases in chlorophyll a content (biochemical parameter) were obtained particularly with trials with of the mycorrhiza+MSW pair or mycorrhiza+MSW+waste tea leave mixture. The best fertilizing mixture, straw (100kg/decare) + MSW (75g / 2,5m²), was in experiment no: 2. Additionally, there was no change in the low yield; but certain additives were necessary. In conclusion, organic waste and mycorrhizal fertilizer applications with specific ratios were determined to have a protective effect on plants against salt stress. 

Keywords

Stress, organic waste, olive, straw, chicken manure, municipal solid waste

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