GERÇEK VE TAM ZAMANLI TUZ STRESİ KOŞULLARINDA ÇELTİKDE (Oryza sativa L.) DEĞİŞKEN KÖK ANATOMİSİ ÖZELLİKLERİ VE TUZA DAYANIKLI ÇELTİK ISLAHINA DÖNÜK YENİ ANATOMİK SELEKSİYON KARAKTERLERİNİN TESPİTİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 87 - 104, 15.12.2016

Mehmet Aybeke

Öz

Kök anatomisinin tuz şartlarında kullanılabilirliğine dair bilgiler eksiktir ve bu anlamda etkin anatomik seleksiyon karakterlerinin tespit edilmesi, çalışmanın esas amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bunun için 31 değişik çeltik çeşidinin (verim değerlerine göre “En iyi”den “en düşük”e kadar) tuz şartları ve kontrol şartlarında, çimlenmeden hasada kadar, karşılıklı olarak kök anatomik özellikleri karşılaştırılmış ve detaylı anatomik özellikleri çıkarılmıştır. İlaveten histokimyasal yöntemlerle apoplastik yapılar araştırılmıştır. Si elementi değerleri, anatomik değişken değerleri, plastisite oranları, plastisite eğilimleri ve her grubun tuz stresi altındaki stratejik anatomik değişim yönelimleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçta; koruyucu anatomik karakterlerin “En iyi” grupta ya aynı kaldığı (kontroldeki gibi) ya da kısmen iyi yönde artış gösterdiği, diğer gruplarda ise aynı kaldığı (kontroldeki gibi) ya da daha kötü yönde değişim gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Anatomik plastisite özelliğinin temelde apoplastik bariyer karakterleri ile doğrudan ilişkili olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Her ne kadar tüm çeşitlerde tuz stresi altında az ya da çok anatomik değişkenlik görülse de en önde gelen anatomik karakterler şunlardır: (1) hücre boyutları, (2) Si varlığı, (3) Si birikim şekli, (4) Si’un kök stelar kısma doğru dağılımı, (5) ksilem ark yapısı, (6) apoplastik bariyerlerin lignifikasyon-suberinizasyon özellikleri ve dereceleri, (7) zamk ve fenolik içerikli idioblastik hücrelerin varlığı/yokluğu, (8) orta derecede anatomik değişkenlik. Özetle; tuzlu ve normal şartlar altında koruyucu modifikasyonlarını en stabil tutan çeşitlerin, seleksiyon ve ıslah açısından en fazla dikkate değer olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oryza, pirinç, tuz stresi, anatomi, ıslah, seleksiyon

ROOT ANATOMICAL PLASTICITY IN RESPONSE TO SALT STRESS UNDER REAL AND FULL-SEASON FIELD CONDITIONS AND DETERMINATION OF NEW ANATOMIC SELECTION CHARACTERS FOR BREEDING SALT-RESISTANT RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Öz

Specific understanding of root anatomy plasticity under salt stress is lacking and requires creation of efficient screening techniques for stress condition s. To fill this gap, this study aimed to determine the anatomical plasticity in root chracteristics of 31 different rice cultivars (from ‘Best’ to ‘Low’ yielding) grown under real field conditions (saline and non-saline) from planting to harvesting and to reveal detailed root anatomical parameters that can be used to select and breed salt-tolerant rice. Anatomical and histochemical features of all cultivars and thin structures of the apoplastic barriers were investigated. The amount of silica (Si), 35 different anatomical characteristics, anatomical plasticity characteristics, plasticity rates, plasticity trends and changes and strategies of each group under saline and non-saline conditions were compared. The results showed that protective anatomical characters improved/remained equal to, and worsened/remained equal to those of the controls, in the ‘Best’ and other groups, respectively, from non-saline to saline conditions. Anatomical plasticity is essentially directly related to apoplastic barrier features. High genotypic variation was observed in root anatomy in all cultivars, but foremost traits were as follows: (1) cell size, (2) Si presence, (3) Si accumulation shape, (4) Si distribution towards root stele, (5) xylem arch features, (6) lignification-suberization properties in apoplastic barriers and their degrees, (7) presence/absence of idioblast cells filled with gummic and phenolic substances and (8) moderate anatomical plasticity. Cultivars with the most stabile anatomy under saline and non-saline conditions should be used to select and breed salt-resistant rice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oryza, rice, salt stress, anatomy, breeding, selection

Kaynakça

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