TÜRKİYE’DE Helianthus annuus L. ÜZERİNE YAPILAN in vitro KÜLTÜR ÇALIŞMALARININ TARİHİ

Year 2016, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 129 - 133, 15.12.2016

Sergun Dayan

Abstract

Doku kültürü teknikleri, ayçiçeği ıslağı ve germplasm koruması konusunda önemli yaklaşımlar sunmaktadır. Bu derleme, ülkemizde bu alandaki bilimsel birikimi göz önüne sermek ve araştırmacıları ayçiçeği doku kültürü üzerine çalışmaya teşvik etmek için yazılmıştır. Türkiye’deki in vitro ayçiçeği çalışmaları 90’ların ilk yarısında başlamıştır. Günümüzde anter, hipokotil, kotiledon, kotiledon petiyolü, sürgün ucu, olgun ve olgunlaşmamış embriyo, yaprak, petiyol, olgunlaşmamış kotiledon, ve mikrospor gibi farklı eksplantların kullanıldığı birçok ayçiçeği in vitro kültür çalışması yayınlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, Tükiye’de yapılmış bu çalışmalarda mikrospor kültürü, anter kültürü, embriyo kültürü, büyümenin yavaşlatılması ile depolama, mikroçoğaltım ve Agrobacterium ile gen transferi gibi teknikler kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmalar Türkiye’deki ayçiçeği üzerine yapılan doku kültürü çalışmaları ile ilgili önemli bir bilgi birikimi oluştursa da henüz istenilen yeterlilikte değildir. Bundan dolayı acil olarak Türkiye için önemli bir tarımsal bitki olan ayçiçeği üzerinde daha fazla in vitro araştırma yapmaya gerek duyulmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışmalardan elde edilen bilgilerin tarımsal uygulamalara aktarılması sektörel açıdan gereklidir.

Keywords

Doku kültürü, ayçiçeği, ıslah, germplasm koruması

HISTORY OF in vitro CULTURE STUDIES ON Helianthus annuus L. IN TURKEY

Abstract

Tissue culture techniques offer important approaches about sunflower breeding and germplasm conservation. The available data on the subject in Turkey was reviewed in order to encourage the researchers to study on tissue culture of sunflower. In vitro studies on sunflower in Turkey started in the first half of the 90s. A large number of in vitro culture studies on sunflower using anthers, hypocotyls, cotyledons, petioles of cotyledon, shoot-tips, mature embryos, immature embryos, leaves, petioles, immature cotyledons and microspores as different explants have been published. Microspore culture, anther culture, embryo culture, slow growth storage, micropropagation and gene transfer with Agrobacterium were also used in these culture studies. Although these studies formed an important scientific knowledge about sunflower tissue culture in the country, it is still not sufficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need to make more in vitro studies on sunflower which is an important agricultural plant for Turkey. The transfer of the results of these studies to agricultural applications is also essential from a sectoral standpoint.

Keywords

Tissue culture, sunflower, breeding, germplasm conservation

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