MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA

Israt Jahan; İbrahim Işıldak

Araştırma Makalesi

MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 79 - 86, 15.10.2020

Israt Jahan İbrahim Işıldak

Öz

This paper presents a rapid protocol of microwave-assisted green synthesis of non-oxidized metallic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extract. Following the successful biosynthesis, characterization techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Zeta analysis were employed to confirm the presence of metallic CuNPs and reveal their morphology. UV–vis spectrum of fabricated CuNPs indicated its characteristic maximum absorbance at 570 nm. Synthesized CuNPs were found to be round to globular in shape, with average size of 45.30 nm, and showed excellent stability without any aggregation for several months. EDX graph confirmed the highest amount of copper atoms (77.96%) along with carbon and oxygen with the percentage of 17.17% and 4.87%, respectively. The non-toxic nature of the phytosynthesized CuNPs was further established by using healthy mouse fibroblast L929 cell line, which showed their potentiality for biological research and many other applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Green tea, Microwave-assisted green synthesis, Bioreduction, Non-toxic metallic CuNPs

Teşekkür

This study was produced as part of the PhD dissertation of the first author. The authors would like to convey their heartfelt gratitude to all the lab members of the Polymeric Biomaterials and Macromolecular Synthesis laboratory at Yıldız Technical University for their valuable support and assistance. The authors also present special gratefulness to Dr. Fatih Erci and Dr. Rabia ÇAKIR KOÇ for their foresight and immense support.

Kaynakça

1. Annamalai, N., Thavasi R., Vijayalakshmi S. & Balasubramanian, T. 2011. A novel thermostable and halostable carboxymethylcellulase from marine bacterium Bacillus licheniformis AU0. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27: 2111-2115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0674-x
2. Aziz, S.B. 2017. Morphological and optical characteristics of chitosan (1-x): Cuox (4 ≤ x ≤ 12) based polymer nano-composites: optical dielectric loss as an alternative method for Tauc’s model. Nanomaterials (Basel), 7(12): 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7120444
3. Cheng, X., Zhang, X., Yin, H., Wang, A. & Xu, Y. 2006. Modifier effects on chemical reduction synthesis of nanostructured copper. Applied Surface Science, 253(5): 727-2732.
4. Dang, T.M.D., Le, T.T.T., Fribourg-Blanc, E. & Dang, M.C. 2011. Synthesis and optical properties of copper nanoparticles prepared by a chemical reduction method. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2(1): 015009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/2/1/015009
5. Dizaj, S.M., Lotfipour, F., Barzegar-Jalali, M., Zarrintan, M.H. & Adibkia, K., 2014. Antimicrobial activity of the metals and metal oxide nanoparticles. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 44: 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.031
6. Edison, T.J.I. & Sethuraman, M.G. 2012. Instant green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Terminalia chebula fruit extract and evaluation of their catalytic activity on reduction of methylene blue. Process Biochemistry, 47: 1351-1357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2012.04.025
7. Gottimukkala, K.S.V., Reddy, H.P. & Zamare, D. 2017. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using green tea leaves extract. Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery, 7: 151. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-983X.1000151
8. Hassanien, R., Husein, D.Z. & Al-Hakkani, M.F. 2018. Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using aqueous Tilia extract: antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Heliyon, 4(2018): e01077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01077
9. Irshad, S., Salamat, A., Anjum, A.A., Sana, S., Saleem, R.S.Z., Naheed, A. & Iqbal, A. 2018. Green tea leaves mediated ZnO nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activity. Cogent Chemistry, 4(1): 1469207. https://doi.org/10.1080/23312009.2018.1469207
10. Jahan, I., Erci, F. & Isildak, I. 2019. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of non-cytotoxic silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Rosa santana (rose) petals and their antimicrobial activity. Analytical Letters, 52(12): 1860-1873. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2019.1572179
11. Jha, A.K., Prasad, K. & Kulkarni, A.R. 2009. Plant system: nature’s nano-factory. Colloids Surf B. Biointerfaces, 73(2): 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.018
12. Joseph, S. & Mathew, B. 2015. Microwave assisted facile green synthesis of silver and gold nanocatalysts using the leaf extract of Aerva lanata. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 136: 1371-1379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.023
13. Kaviya, S., Santhanalakshmi, J., Viswanathan, B., Muthumar, J. & Srinivasan, K. 2011. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79(3): 594-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.040
14. Keihan, A.H., Veisi, H. & Veasi H. 2016. Green synthesis and characterization of spherical copper nanoparticles as organometallic antibacterial agent. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 31(7): e3642. https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.3642
15. Lee, H., Song, J.Y. & Kim, B.S. 2013. Biological synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 88: 1971‑1977. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4052
16. López-García, J., Lehocký, M., Humpolíček, P. & Sáha, P. 2014. HaCaT keratinocytes response on antimicrobial atelocollagen substrates: extent of cytotoxicity, cell viability and proliferation. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 5(2): 43-57. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb5020043
17. Lourenço, I.M., Pieretti, J.C., Nascimento, M.H.M., Lombello, C.B. & Seabra, A.B. 2019. Eco-friendly synthesis of iron nanoparticles by green tea extract and cytotoxicity effects on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 4: 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-019-00134-5
18. Mathew, A. 2018. Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using tea extract. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 6(IV): 3457-3458. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.4573
19. Nasrollahzadeh, M. & Sajadi, S.M. 2015. Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract and their catalytic activity for the Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes at room temperature. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 457: 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.004
20. Otte, H.M. 1961. Lattice parameter determinations with an x‐ray spectrogoniometer by the debye‐scherrer method and the effect of specimen condition. Journal of Applied Physics, 32: 1536-1546. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1728392
21. Phull, A.-R., Abbas, Q., Ali, A., Raza, H., Kim, S.J., Zia, M. & Haq I.-ul. 2016. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from crude extract of Bergenia ciliata. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1): 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fjps.2016.03.001
22. Reto, M., Figueira, M.E., Filipe, H.M. & Almeida, C.M. 2007. Chemical composition of green tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions commercialized in Portugal. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 62(4): 139-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-007-0054-8
23. Rolim, W.R., Pelegrino, M.T., de Araújo Lima, B., Ferraz, L.S., Costa, F.N., Bernardes, J.S., Rodigues, T., Brocchi, M. & Seabra, A.B. 2019. Green tea extract mediated biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation and antibacterial activity. Applied Surface Science, 463: 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.203
24. Ruparelia, J.P., Chatterjee, A.K., Duttagupta, S.P. & Mukherji, S. 2008. Strain specificity in antimicrobial activity of silver and copper nanoparticles. Acta Biomater, 4(3): 707-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2007.11.006
25. Sahu, D., Kannan, G.M., Tailang, M. & Vijayaraghavan, R. 2016. In-vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles: a comparison between particle size and cell type. Journal of Nanoscience, 2016: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4023852
26. Sreeju, N., Rufus, A. & Philip, D. 2016. Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles with exceptional stability and their multifaceted applications. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 221: 1008-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.08
27. Suresh, Y., Annapurna, S., Bhikshamaiah, G. & Singh, A.K. 2014. Copper nanoparticles: green synthesis and characterization. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 5(3): 156-160.
28. Sutradhar, P., Saha, M. & Maiti, D. 2014. Microwave synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using tea leaf and coffee powder extracts and its antibacterial activity. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 4: 86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-014-0086-1
29. Tanghatari, M., Sarband, Z.N., Rezaee, S. & Larijani, K. 2017. Microwave assisted green synthesis of copper nanoparticles. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, Special Issue J: 347-352.
30. Tsuji, M., Hashimoto, M., Nishizawa, Y., Kubokawa, M. & Tsuji, T. 2005. Microwave-assisted synthesis of metallic nanostructures in solution, Chemistry, 11(2): 440-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200400417
31. Usha, S., Ramappa, K.T., Hiregoudar, S., Vasanthkumar, G.D. & Aswathanarayana, D.S. 2017. Biosynthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles from tulasi (Ocimum sanctum L.) leaves. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(11): 2219-2228. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.263
32. Wei, Y., Chen, S., Kowalczyk, B., Huda, S., Gray, T.P. & Grzybowski, B.A. 2010. Synthesis of stable, low-dispersity copper nanoparticles and nanorods and their antifungal and catalytic properties. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(37): 15612-15616. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1055683
33. Yallappa, S., Manjanna, J., Sindhe, M.A., Satyanarayan, N.D., Pramod, S.N. & Nagaraja, K. 2013. Microwave assisted rapid synthesis and biological evaluation of stable copper nanoparticles using T. arjuna bark extract. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 110: 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.005

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 79 - 86, 15.10.2020

Israt Jahan İbrahim Işıldak

Öz

Bu makale, yeşil çay (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) ekstraktsiyonu kullanılarak oksitlenmemiş metalik bakır nanopartiküllerinin (CuNPs) mikrodalga destekli yeşil sentezinin hızlı bir protokolünü sunmaktadır. Başarılı biyosentezi tamamladıkten sonra, bakır nanopartiküllerin varlığını doğrulamak ve morfolojilerini ortaya çıkarmak için UV–vis absorpsiyon spektroskopi, Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızıl Ötesi Spektrometresi (FTIR), Enerji dağıtıcı X-ışını analizi (EDX) ile ilişkili Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), X-ışını Kırınımı (XRD) ve Zeta analiz gibi karakterizasyon teknikleri uygulanılmıştır. Üretilmiş CuNP’lerin UV-vis spektrumu, 570 nm’de karakteristik maksimum absorbansını göstermiştir. Sentezlenen CuNP’lerin, ortalama 45,30 nm büyüklüğünde yuvarlaktan küre şeklinde, birkaç ay boyunca herhangi bir agregasyon olmadan mükemmel stabilite sergilediği bulunmuştur. EDX grafiği, karbon ve oksijenın sırasıyla %17,17 ve %4,87’lik oranlarla birlikte en yüksek miktarda bakır atomunu (%77,96) doğrulanmıştır. Son olarak, sağlıklı fare fibroblast hücreleri (L929 hücre çizgisi) üzerindeki biyosentezlenmiş bu CuNP’lerin non-toksik özelliği doğrulanmıştır ve bu durum, bunların biyolojik araştırmaların yanı sıra geniş kapsamlı uygulamalarda potansiyellerini de göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

1. Annamalai, N., Thavasi R., Vijayalakshmi S. & Balasubramanian, T. 2011. A novel thermostable and halostable carboxymethylcellulase from marine bacterium Bacillus licheniformis AU0. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27: 2111-2115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0674-x
2. Aziz, S.B. 2017. Morphological and optical characteristics of chitosan (1-x): Cuox (4 ≤ x ≤ 12) based polymer nano-composites: optical dielectric loss as an alternative method for Tauc’s model. Nanomaterials (Basel), 7(12): 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7120444
3. Cheng, X., Zhang, X., Yin, H., Wang, A. & Xu, Y. 2006. Modifier effects on chemical reduction synthesis of nanostructured copper. Applied Surface Science, 253(5): 727-2732.
4. Dang, T.M.D., Le, T.T.T., Fribourg-Blanc, E. & Dang, M.C. 2011. Synthesis and optical properties of copper nanoparticles prepared by a chemical reduction method. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2(1): 015009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/2/1/015009
5. Dizaj, S.M., Lotfipour, F., Barzegar-Jalali, M., Zarrintan, M.H. & Adibkia, K., 2014. Antimicrobial activity of the metals and metal oxide nanoparticles. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 44: 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.031
6. Edison, T.J.I. & Sethuraman, M.G. 2012. Instant green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Terminalia chebula fruit extract and evaluation of their catalytic activity on reduction of methylene blue. Process Biochemistry, 47: 1351-1357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2012.04.025
7. Gottimukkala, K.S.V., Reddy, H.P. & Zamare, D. 2017. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using green tea leaves extract. Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery, 7: 151. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-983X.1000151
8. Hassanien, R., Husein, D.Z. & Al-Hakkani, M.F. 2018. Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using aqueous Tilia extract: antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Heliyon, 4(2018): e01077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01077
9. Irshad, S., Salamat, A., Anjum, A.A., Sana, S., Saleem, R.S.Z., Naheed, A. & Iqbal, A. 2018. Green tea leaves mediated ZnO nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activity. Cogent Chemistry, 4(1): 1469207. https://doi.org/10.1080/23312009.2018.1469207
10. Jahan, I., Erci, F. & Isildak, I. 2019. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of non-cytotoxic silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Rosa santana (rose) petals and their antimicrobial activity. Analytical Letters, 52(12): 1860-1873. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2019.1572179
11. Jha, A.K., Prasad, K. & Kulkarni, A.R. 2009. Plant system: nature’s nano-factory. Colloids Surf B. Biointerfaces, 73(2): 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.018
12. Joseph, S. & Mathew, B. 2015. Microwave assisted facile green synthesis of silver and gold nanocatalysts using the leaf extract of Aerva lanata. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 136: 1371-1379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.023
13. Kaviya, S., Santhanalakshmi, J., Viswanathan, B., Muthumar, J. & Srinivasan, K. 2011. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79(3): 594-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.040
14. Keihan, A.H., Veisi, H. & Veasi H. 2016. Green synthesis and characterization of spherical copper nanoparticles as organometallic antibacterial agent. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 31(7): e3642. https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.3642
15. Lee, H., Song, J.Y. & Kim, B.S. 2013. Biological synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 88: 1971‑1977. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4052
16. López-García, J., Lehocký, M., Humpolíček, P. & Sáha, P. 2014. HaCaT keratinocytes response on antimicrobial atelocollagen substrates: extent of cytotoxicity, cell viability and proliferation. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 5(2): 43-57. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb5020043
17. Lourenço, I.M., Pieretti, J.C., Nascimento, M.H.M., Lombello, C.B. & Seabra, A.B. 2019. Eco-friendly synthesis of iron nanoparticles by green tea extract and cytotoxicity effects on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 4: 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-019-00134-5
18. Mathew, A. 2018. Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using tea extract. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 6(IV): 3457-3458. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.4573
19. Nasrollahzadeh, M. & Sajadi, S.M. 2015. Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract and their catalytic activity for the Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes at room temperature. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 457: 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.004
20. Otte, H.M. 1961. Lattice parameter determinations with an x‐ray spectrogoniometer by the debye‐scherrer method and the effect of specimen condition. Journal of Applied Physics, 32: 1536-1546. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1728392
21. Phull, A.-R., Abbas, Q., Ali, A., Raza, H., Kim, S.J., Zia, M. & Haq I.-ul. 2016. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from crude extract of Bergenia ciliata. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1): 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fjps.2016.03.001
22. Reto, M., Figueira, M.E., Filipe, H.M. & Almeida, C.M. 2007. Chemical composition of green tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions commercialized in Portugal. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 62(4): 139-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-007-0054-8
23. Rolim, W.R., Pelegrino, M.T., de Araújo Lima, B., Ferraz, L.S., Costa, F.N., Bernardes, J.S., Rodigues, T., Brocchi, M. & Seabra, A.B. 2019. Green tea extract mediated biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation and antibacterial activity. Applied Surface Science, 463: 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.203
24. Ruparelia, J.P., Chatterjee, A.K., Duttagupta, S.P. & Mukherji, S. 2008. Strain specificity in antimicrobial activity of silver and copper nanoparticles. Acta Biomater, 4(3): 707-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2007.11.006
25. Sahu, D., Kannan, G.M., Tailang, M. & Vijayaraghavan, R. 2016. In-vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles: a comparison between particle size and cell type. Journal of Nanoscience, 2016: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4023852
26. Sreeju, N., Rufus, A. & Philip, D. 2016. Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles with exceptional stability and their multifaceted applications. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 221: 1008-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.08
27. Suresh, Y., Annapurna, S., Bhikshamaiah, G. & Singh, A.K. 2014. Copper nanoparticles: green synthesis and characterization. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 5(3): 156-160.
28. Sutradhar, P., Saha, M. & Maiti, D. 2014. Microwave synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using tea leaf and coffee powder extracts and its antibacterial activity. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 4: 86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-014-0086-1
29. Tanghatari, M., Sarband, Z.N., Rezaee, S. & Larijani, K. 2017. Microwave assisted green synthesis of copper nanoparticles. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, Special Issue J: 347-352.
30. Tsuji, M., Hashimoto, M., Nishizawa, Y., Kubokawa, M. & Tsuji, T. 2005. Microwave-assisted synthesis of metallic nanostructures in solution, Chemistry, 11(2): 440-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200400417
31. Usha, S., Ramappa, K.T., Hiregoudar, S., Vasanthkumar, G.D. & Aswathanarayana, D.S. 2017. Biosynthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles from tulasi (Ocimum sanctum L.) leaves. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(11): 2219-2228. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.263
32. Wei, Y., Chen, S., Kowalczyk, B., Huda, S., Gray, T.P. & Grzybowski, B.A. 2010. Synthesis of stable, low-dispersity copper nanoparticles and nanorods and their antifungal and catalytic properties. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(37): 15612-15616. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1055683
33. Yallappa, S., Manjanna, J., Sindhe, M.A., Satyanarayan, N.D., Pramod, S.N. & Nagaraja, K. 2013. Microwave assisted rapid synthesis and biological evaluation of stable copper nanoparticles using T. arjuna bark extract. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 110: 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.005

Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi/Research Article
Yazarlar	Israt Jahan 0000-0003-4166-1617 İbrahim Işıldak Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9654-1386
Yayımlanma Tarihi	15 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi	4 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi	4 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2020 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Jahan, I., & Işıldak, İ. (2020). MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 21(2), 79-86.
AMA	Jahan I, Işıldak İ. MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. Ekim 2020;21(2):79-86.
Chicago	Jahan, Israt, ve İbrahim Işıldak. “MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 21, sy. 2 (Ekim 2020): 79-86.
EndNote	Jahan I, Işıldak İ (01 Ekim 2020) MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 21 2 79–86.
IEEE	I. Jahan ve İ. Işıldak, “MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA”, Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, c. 21, sy. 2, ss. 79–86, 2020.
ISNAD	Jahan, Israt - Işıldak, İbrahim. “MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 21/2 (Ekim 2020), 79-86.
JAMA	Jahan I, Işıldak İ. MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2020;21:79–86.
MLA	Jahan, Israt ve İbrahim Işıldak. “MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, c. 21, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 79-86.
Vancouver	Jahan I, Işıldak İ. MICROWAVE IRRADIATION SYSTEM FOR A RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NON-TOXIC METALLIC COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM GREEN TEA. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2020;21(2):79-86.

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