PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOURS OF THE LOCAL ENDEMIC Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. subsp. bodurii Özhatay IN ÇANAKKALE, TURKEY

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 207 - 213, 15.10.2021

Bahar Kökçü Ersin Karabacak

Abstract

This study covers the observation, recording and interpretation of the phenological behaviour of the local endemic Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. subsp. bodurii Özhatay in its life cycle. Although phenological observations are mostly applied on cultivated plants, the data obtained from this study on an endemic taxon constitute an important resource for the preparation of a conservation action plan. While the phenological cycle time of the geophyte plant on the ground is determined as 206 days on average, it spends the winter months in dormancy with an average of 159 days underground. It was determined that the populations at lower altitudes in their natural habitats entered the flowering, fruit formation and seed maturation stages relatively earlier than those grown at higher altitudes and remained in these phenophases for longer periods. The total life cycle was more or less the same, although there were differences in phenophases durations and beginnings-ends. 

Keywords

Conservation biology, local endemic, Paeonia mascula subsp. bodurii, phenology

Thanks

This study was carried out within the scope of the first author's doctoral thesis. We would like to thank Çanakkale Nature Conservation and National Parks Branch Directorate, which is affiliated to the 2nd Regional Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks (DKMP), for their assistance during the field studies.

References

• 1. Davis, P.H. & Cullen, J. 1965. Paeonia L., 204-206. In: Davis, P.H. (ed). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol. 1. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, x + 567 pp.
• 2. Davis, P.H. 1988. Paeonia L., 22-23. In: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan K. (eds). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol. 10 (Supplement 1). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, xxi + 590 pp.
• 3. Daysal, N. 2013. Effect of climate on natural plant vegetation in Turkey. Acta Turcica, Çevrimiçi Tematik Türkoloji Dergisi, V(1): 1-22 (in Turkish).
• 4. Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytaç, Z. & Adıgüzel, N. 2000. Red Data Book of Turkish Plants (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta). Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği & Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Ankara, ix + 246 pp.
• 5. Fenner, F. 1998. The phenology of growth and reproduction in plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 1(1): 78-91.
• 6. Gopalakrishnan, K.K. & Thomas, T.D. 2014. Reproductive biology of Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq., (Family Pittosporaceae) a rare medicinal tree endemic to Western Ghats. Botanical Studies, 55(1): 1-11.
• 7. Hong, D.Y. 2010. Paeonies of the World: Taxonomy and Phytogeography. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 302 pp.
• 8. Kökçü, B. & Karabacak E. 2020. Survival struggle of local endemic Paeonia mascula subsp. bodurii in Çanakkale, 247, Paper presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Biodiversity Research, 18-20 November, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize-Turkey
• 9. Körüklü, S.T. 2012. Paeoniaceae, 659-660. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi-Damarlı Bitkiler. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları Flora Dizisi 1, İstanbul, xxi + 1290 pp.
• 10. Meteorological Service 2021. https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=undefined&m=CANAKKALE (Date accessed: 7 July 2021).
• 11. Morellato, L.P.C., Alberton, B., Alvarado, S.T., Borges, B., Buisson, E., Camargo, M.G.G., Cancian, L.F., Carstensen, D.W., Escobar, D.F.E., Leite, P.T.P., Mendoza, I., Rocha, N.M.W.B., Sorares, N.C., Silva, T.S.F., Staggemeir, V.G., Streher, A.S., Vargas, B.C. & Peres, C.A. 2016. Linking plant phenology to conservation biology. Conservation Biology, 195: 60-72.
• 12. Nazir, S., Yaqoob, U., Nawchoo, I.A., Wani, A.A. & Wani, S.A. 2017. Phenological behaviour of Paeonia emodi Wall. Ex Royle in response to habitat variability and altitude. Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology, 6(1): 1-5.
• 13. Özhatay, N. & Özhatay, E. 1995. A new white Paeonia L. From Northwestern Turkey: P. mascula Miller subsp. bodurii N. Ozhatay. Karaca Arboretum Magazine 3(1): 17-26.
• 14. Özhatay, N. 2000. Paeonia L., 15-16. In: Dayser, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Başer, K.H.C. (eds). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Vol. 11 (Supplement 2). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, xix + 656 pp.
• 15. Şimşek, O., Nadaroğlu, Y., Yücel, G., Dokuyucu, Ö. & Gökdağ, Ş.A. 2014. Türkiye Fenoloji Atlası. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Zirai Meteoroloji Şube Müdürlüğü, Ankara, iii + 104 pp.
• 16. The Plant List, 2021. http://theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Paeoniaceae/ (Date accessed: 22.06.2021).
• 17. Topal, H. 2020. Amasya Ovası Yakın Çevresinde Yetiştirilen Kültür Bitkilerinin Fenolojisi ve Bunların İklim Şartları İle Olan İlişkileri (Master Thesis), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, ix + 84 pp.
• 18. Waser, N.M. 1978. Competition for humming bird pollination and sequential flowering in two Colorado wildflowers. Ecology, 59(5): 934-44.
• 19. Ziello, C., Estrella, N., Kostova, M., Koch, E. & Menzel, A. 2009. Influence of altitude on phenology of selected plant species in the Alpine region (1971–2000). Climate Research 39: 227-234.