Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme

Cahit Nuri

doi:10.69485/tseji.1608022

Derleme

Facilitated Communication (Facilitator): A Review of Historical Development, Advocates, and Opposing Views

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 73 - 90

Cahit Nuri

https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1608022

Öz

This review article provides a comprehensive evaluation of facilitated communication (FC), a method used for individuals with communication barriers, in light of its historical development, supporters, and critics. Facilitated communication first emerged in Australia in the 1970s and quickly gained popularity among therapists working with individuals facing communication difficulties, such as those with autism. The second part of the article focuses on the advocates of FC. Experts in this group argue that when applied correctly, FC can be an effective tool for individuals to express themselves. Various case studies are presented, showing how individuals with autism and other communication disabilities have achieved social and academic success through this method. However, FC has also faced serious criticism. The third section examines the opposing views, questioning FC from scientific and ethical perspectives. Critics argue that facilitators risk directing the messages of individuals and that the method may create false communication. These critiques gained prominence particularly in the late 1990s, with numerous scientific studies highlighting these concerns. Finally, the section titled "Systematic Reviews on Facilitated Communication" assesses the outcomes of various experimental studies examining the effectiveness of FC. These reviews question the accuracy of the method's application and the development of independent communication abilities, suggesting that while FC may be effective under certain conditions, it generally requires careful consideration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Facilitator , Facilitated Communication , Supported Typing , Assisted Writing

Proje Numarası

Yoktur.

Kaynakça

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Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 73 - 90

Cahit Nuri

https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1608022

Öz

Bu derleme makalesi, iletişim engelleri yaşayan bireyler için bir yöntem olan kolaylaştırılmış iletişimin (Kİ) tarihsel gelişimi, savunucuları ve karşıtları ışığında kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır. İlk olarak, kolaylaştırılmış iletişim, 1970’lerde Avustralya’da ortaya çıkmış ve özellikle otizm gibi iletişim güçlüğü çeken bireylerle çalışan terapistler arasında hızla yaygınlaşmıştır. Tarihsel süreçte, Kİ’nin gelişimi, bu yöntemin yayılımını destekleyen bir dizi teorik ve uygulamalı yaklaşımla birlikte genişlemiştir. Özellikle 1980’ler ve 1990’larda, alternatif ve artırıcı iletişim yöntemleri arasında popüler bir seçenek haline gelmiştir. Makalenin ikinci bölümünde, Kİ'nin savunucuları ele alınmaktadır. Bu gruptaki uzmanlar, Kİ’nin doğru bir şekilde uygulandığında bireylerin kendilerini ifade etmeleri için etkili bir araç olabileceğini savunmaktadır. Özellikle, otizmli bireyler ve diğer iletişim yetersizliği olan kişilerin bu yöntemle sosyal ve akademik başarılar elde ettiği çeşitli vaka çalışmaları sunulmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Kİ’ye yönelik ciddi eleştiriler de mevcuttur. Üçüncü bölümde, Kİ’yi bilimsel geçerlilik ve etik açılardan sorgulayan karşıt görüşler incelenmiştir. Eleştirmenler, kolaylaştırıcıların bireylerin mesajlarını yönlendirme riski taşıdığını ve yöntemin sahte bir iletişim oluşturabileceğini iddia etmektedirler. Bu eleştiriler, özellikle 1990’ların sonlarına doğru yapılan birçok bilimsel araştırmada ön plana çıkmıştır. Son olarak, Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim Üzerine Karşıt Sistematik İncelemeler başlıklı bölüm, Kİ’nin etkinliğini inceleyen çeşitli deneysel çalışmaların sonuçlarını değerlendirmektedir. Bu incelemeler, yöntemin uygulama doğruluğunu ve bağımsız iletişim yeteneğinin gelişimini sorgulamakta, Kİ’nin belirli koşullar altında etkili olabileceği ancak genelde dikkatli bir değerlendirme gerektirdiğini öne sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kolaylaştırıcı , Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim , Yardımlı Yazma , Destekli Yazma.

Etik Beyan

Etik beyan gerektirmeyen çalışma.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur.

Proje Numarası

Yoktur.

Teşekkür

Yoktur.

Kaynakça

Agin, G. (2006). Junk science: How politicians, corporations, and other hucksters betray us. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.
Allen, A. A., Schlosser, R. W., Brock, K. L., & Shane, H. C. (2017). The effectiveness of aided augmented input techniques for persons with developmental disabilities: A systematic review. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 33(3), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2017.1338752
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1995). Facilitated communication [Position Statement]. Rockville, MD: Author.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2016). Code of ethics [Ethics]. Erişim adresi: https://www.asha.org/Code-of-Ethics/
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2018a). Facilitated communication [Position Statement]. Erişim adresi: https://www.asha.org/policy/
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2018b). Rapid prompting method [Position Statement]. Erişim adresi: https://www.asha.org/policy/
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.-a). Augmentative and alternative communication [Evidence Maps]. Erişim adresi: https://apps.asha.org/EvidenceMaps/Maps/LandingPage/990772a6-9cd8-4203-a76c-6ccd91eac874
Auerbach, D. (2015). Facilitated communication is a cult that won’t die. Slate. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2024. Autism National Committee. (t.y.). AutCom statement on facilitated communication. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2024.
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Toplam 100 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Özel Eğitim ve Engelli Eğitimi (Diğer)
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Cahit Nuri 0000-0003-0805-1972
Proje Numarası	Yoktur.
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	13 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi	14 Kasım 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi	26 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi	14 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Nuri, C. (2025). Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme. Turkish Special Education Journal: International, 7(1), 73-90. https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1608022
AMA	Nuri C. Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme. Turkish Special Education Journal: International. Kasım 2025;7(1):73-90. doi:10.69485/tseji.1608022
Chicago	Nuri, Cahit. “Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme”. Turkish Special Education Journal: International 7, sy. 1 (Kasım 2025): 73-90. https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1608022.
EndNote	Nuri C (01 Kasım 2025) Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme. Turkish Special Education Journal: International 7 1 73–90.
IEEE	C. Nuri, “Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme”, Turkish Special Education Journal: International, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 73–90, 2025, doi: 10.69485/tseji.1608022.
ISNAD	Nuri, Cahit. “Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme”. Turkish Special Education Journal: International 7/1 (Kasım2025), 73-90. https://doi.org/10.69485/tseji.1608022.
JAMA	Nuri C. Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme. Turkish Special Education Journal: International. 2025;7:73–90.
MLA	Nuri, Cahit. “Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme”. Turkish Special Education Journal: International, c. 7, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 73-90, doi:10.69485/tseji.1608022.
Vancouver	Nuri C. Kolaylaştırılmış İletişim (Kolaylaştırıcı Kişi): Tarihsel Gelişim, Savunucular ve Karşıt Görüşler Üzerine Bir Derleme. Turkish Special Education Journal: International. 2025;7(1):73-90.

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