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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ttk belleten</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>BELLETEN</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">0041-4255</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2791-6472</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Türk Tarih Kurumu</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37879/belleten.2015.1099</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>İspanyol Gribinin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Etkisi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>The Impact of the Spanish Influenza on the Ottoman Empire</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yolun</surname>
                                    <given-names>Murat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Bosphorus University, The Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kopar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Metin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Adıyaman University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, History Departmant</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20151201">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2015</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>79</volume>
                                        <issue>286</issue>
                                        <fpage>1099</fpage>
                                        <lpage>1120</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20151001">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2015</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1937, BELLETEN</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1937</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>BELLETEN</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>İspanyol gribi bütün dünyayı etkilerken Osmanlı İmparatorluğu da bundan muzdarip oldu. Osmanlı’nın jeo-epidemiyolojisi epidemik veya pandemik salgınlara karşı açıktı. Osmanlı Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na aktif olarak katıldığından dolayı şu rahatlıkla söylenebilip ki: Osmanlı’nın bu yıkıcı salgından kaçabilmesi mümkün değildi. Salgın muhtemelen Avrupa üzerinden Osmanlı’ya girdi ve Anadolu’nun pek çok yerinde grip vakalarına veya ölümlerine yol açtı. Birinci Dünya Savaş’ındaki ordular bu gripten öyle çok etkilendiler ki savaşın sona ermesinde bu gribin kayda değer bir etkisi oldu. Grip salgınını engellemek için okul gibi kamuya açık mekanların kapatılması gibi bazı tedbirlere başvuruldu. Savaş sırasındaki toplumsal mobilite grip salgınının dünyanın uzak noktalarına ulaşmasına yol açtı. Gripten kurtulmak için yeni aşılar ve ilaçlar denendi, fakat bu çabalar gribin yayılmasını engellemekte nafile kaldı. Mevcut kaynaklar yetersiz olduğundan dolayı bu grip salgınından kaç kişinin öldüğünü söylemek mümkün görünmüyor. Yalnız, var olan birincil ve ikincil kaynaklar bu salgın hastalığın Osmanlı’daki etkisi ile ilgili tahmin yapmaya imkanı veriyor.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>As the Spanish influenza affected almost all the world, the Ottoman Empire suffered from it. The geoepidemiology of the Ottoman was vulnerable to epidemic or pandemic diseases. Since it was an active participant of the First World War, it can be said that it was inevitable situation to escape from this devastating pandemic. Probably, the pandemic disease entered into the Ottoman from Europe and it led to cases or death in many places of Anatolia. The armies were so affected from it that this pandemic played a considerable role in the end of the war. So as to prevent this pandemic influenza, some precautions such as closure of public spaces like schools were taken. Much social mobility resulted from wartime caused this epidemic influenza to spread world widely easily. In order to prevent the pandemic, new inoculations and drugs were tested, but these attempts failed to prevent the spread of the flu completely. On account of the fact that present sources are inadequate, it is impossible to say the exact number of dead people of this pandemic. Nevertheless, available primary and secondary sources give us to estimate the impact of this pandemic disease on the Ottoman Empire.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Spanish Influenza</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Pandemic Diseases</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ottoman Empire</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The First World War</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The Spanish influenza in the Ottoman Empire</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>İspanyol Gribi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Salgın Hastalıklar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Osmanlı İmparatorluğu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Birinci Dünya Savaşı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda İspanyol Gribi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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