KRAL TEPESİ: KARPAZ YARIMADASI’NDA BİR GEÇ TUNÇ ÇAĞI YERLEŞİMİ

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 21, 35 - 62, 01.01.2017

Bülent Kızılduman

Öz

Doğu Akdeniz için önemli bir liman konumunda olan Kıbrıs, çağlar boyunca jeopolitik konumuyla Doğu Akdenize hâkim olmak isteyen güçlerin odak noktası olmuştur. Karpaz Yarımadası da stratejik konum bağlamında hem Kıbrıs hem de Doğu Akdeniz için ayrı bir öneme sahip olmuştur. Deniz akıntıları ve rüzgâr yönleri sayesinde deniz aşırı uygarlıkların Kıbrıs’a en kısa sürede ulaşabileceği yer olarak karşımıza çıkan Karpaz Yarımadası özellikle Tunç Çağında adanın anahtarı konumuna gelmiştir. Yarımadanın güneydoğusunda yer alan Kaleburnu Köyü ise Geç Tunç Çağında Ugarit’in karşısındaki konumuyla ayrı bir önem kazanmıştır. Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi/Galinoporni-Vasili yerleşim yeri Karpaz Yarımadası’nın güneydoğusunda yer almaktadır. Kral Tepesi, sahil şeridine 2 km uzaklıkta bölgeye hâkim yüksek bir tepenin üzerinde, gerek denizden gelebilecek gemileri gerekse karada, hem güney hem de doğu yönünden gelebilecek ulak veya saldırıları çok önceden görebilecek korunaklı bir konuma sahiptir. Kral Tepesi, Geç Tunç Çağı Kıbrıs merkezlerinden pek bilinmeyen yapı planı ile kendine özgü özellikleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Kral Tepesi’nin mimari dokusuna ek olarak yapılan kazılarda açığa çıkarılan buluntular da yerleşime daha ilginç bir karakter katmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak Kral Tepesi’nde yapılan çalışmalarda ilk kez Kıbrıs’ta in situ ve bir mimari kontexe dayalı 2 farklı tunç eser topluluğu açığa çıkartılmıştır. Bu eser toplulukları günümüze değin Kıbrıs’ta açığa çıkartılmış nitelik ve nicelik olarak en kapsamlı eserleden oluşmaktadır. Günümüz bilgi birikimiyle eldeki veriler değerlendirildiğinde, Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi’nde yaşamakta olan topluluk ve buradaki örgütlenme yapısının, Kıbrıs Geç Tunç Çağı IIC dönemindeki ekonomik süreçte önemli bir rol oynadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Deniz ticaret rotalarının da ortaya koyduğu üzere, Kral Tepesi yerleşim yeri, Ada üzerindeki konumu itibariyle Doğu Akdeniz deniz ticaretinde, çağdaşı olan Levant dünyasının yakın liman şehirleri ile Kıbrıs arasındaki bağı sağlayan yegâne yerleşim yeri olarak hizmet etmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kıbrıs, Geç Tunç Çağı, Kral Tepesi, Takas, Aracı, Merkez, Özgün

KRAL TEPESI/ VASILI: A CYPRUS LATE BRONZE AGE SITE AT KARPAS PENISULA

Öz

As an important port to the Eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus has been the geopolitical focus of any power residing in the region for ages. The Karpas Peninsula in Cyprus, as a strategic location, is of unique value to both the whole of Cyprus and to the Eastern Mediterranean. Due to the sea currents and the direction of the wind, the first feasible landmass reachable in Cyprus, the Karpas Peninsula, constitutes a key location for sea-based civilizations of the region, specifically during the Bronze Age. A novel example, a village referred to as Kaleburnu in the southeastern part of the peninsula, retains exclusive significance as a location facing the Ugarit during the Bronze Age. Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi/Galinoporni-Vasili was a settlement in the southeastern part of the Karpas Peninsula. The area of Kral Tepesi, based on a tall hill that holds 2 km inland from the coastal line, geographically possesses visibility to detect approaching sea vessels or land-based messengers and perhaps attacks coming from the eastern direction, making it a secure site. The Kral Tepesi center of Late Bronze Age Cyprus hosts unfamiliar build plans boasting properties exclusive to the site. In addition to the deviation of architectural norms of the time, the finds unearthed during excavations in Kral Tepesi have also supplemented to defining the uniqueness of the site. Furthermore, the work on Kral Tepesi has unraveled 2 distinct bronze hordes in Cyprus in situ and with regards to finds related to architectural contexts of buildings. These discoveries comprise the most wholesome and comprehensive list of pieces both in quantity and quality of Cyprus up to date. Conclusions drawn with the available data and research depict the inhabitants of Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi to have had significantly vigorous economic roles as agents of the Late Cypriot Bronze Age IIC. As maritime trade routes reveal, the location of Kral Tepesi on the island as a settlement, establishes it as the sole mediator between Cyprus and the dominant and economically vibrant coastal cities of the Levant of the Eastern Mediterranean in contemporary time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cyprus, Late Bronze Age, Kral Tepesi/ Vasili, Barter, Port, Center, Unique

Kaynakça

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