<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tujas</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Turkish Journal of African Studies</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3062-1909</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Sakarya Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Contemporary African History</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Çağdaş Afrika Tarihi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>A Neglected History: How Intra-Sufi Conflicts Shaped the Tijaniyya Sufi Brotherhood in Contemporary Ghana (1970-2001)</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3241-2987</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Firdaws</surname>
                                    <given-names>Issah Zakaria</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7428-5968</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Muhammad Zakaria</surname>
                                    <given-names>Seebaway</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION AND HUMAN RIGHTS</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>3</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>58</fpage>
                                        <lpage>73</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251020">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260422">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2024, Turkish Journal of African Studies</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Turkish Journal of African Studies</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>The growth of the Tijaniyya Sufi order in Ghana has resulted from the immeasurable acts of revivalism of many local scholars. Among the most influential of these scholars was Sheikh Abdullahi Ahmed Maikano, whose contributions to the development of Islam in Ghana are also very significant. However, while Sheikh Maikano’s ability to confront the Salafi critiques of Tijaniyya shot him to fame and brought much strength and unity among members of the brotherhood in Ghana, the same cannot be said of Tijaniyya today, which is beset with challenges of factionalism, aggravated by zealous youth who have taken to the social media, to malign each other and vilify past and present otherwise revered leaders. Drawing mainly on in-depth interviews, secondary sources, and historical records, the researchers found that the challenges confronting the Tijaniyya fraternity in Ghana in recent times revolve around Sheikh Maikano and the extent to which loyalty is accorded or denied him. The researchers call for the Tijaniyya to rise above petty rivalries and unite once again to confront other festering challenges, including poverty, illiteracy, and misconceptions about what it means to be a true Sufi, especially in 21st century Africa.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Religious Authority</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Charisma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sufism in Ghana</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tijaniyya</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abdul Wadud Haroon, A. (2008). Bushra al-Muhibbeen wa al-Mureedeen fi iqa waali as-Saadaati al-Muttaqeen. Kumasi: Al-Harakati Tijaniyya al-Islamiyya al-Ghaniyya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abdul-Hamid, Mustapha. (2013). Religious language and the charge of blasphemy: In defence of Al-Hallaj. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(15), 283-290.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ambariyya Online TV/Radio. (2023, August 6). The history of Ambariyya [Video]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1WruvPpiUj/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baba Orga. (2014). The history of Sheikh Abdullahi Maikano Jallo [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/E1AUS3LkMRI</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bidabad, B. (2012). Foreign policy principles: An Islamic Sufi approach – Part I. International Journal of Law and Management, 54(2), 97–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542431211208531</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cisse, H. (2013). The spirit of good morals: Translation and commentary of Ruhul Adab (H. Cisse, Trans.). Kaolack, Senegal: The African American Islamic Institute.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dumbe, Y. (2013). Islamic Revivalism in Contemporary Ghana [Doctoral dissertation, Södertörns högskola]. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-20256</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eatwell, R. (2014). The concept and theory of charismatic leadership. In A. Costa Pinto, R. Eatwell, &amp; S. Ulgelvik Larsen (Eds.), Charisma and Fascism in Interwar Europe (pp. 3-18). Taylor and Francis. 
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315824321</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fisher, H. (1963). Ahmadiyyah: A study in contemporary Islam on the West African coast. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Habeebullah, A. M. (1978). Risalah al-da’I Ila al-sunna al-zajiru an al-bid’a. Dar al-Arabiyya Publishers.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ibrahim, M. S. (2002). The Tijāniyya order in Tamale, Ghana: Its foundation, organization and role [Master&#039;s thesis, McGill University]. eScholarship. 
https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/f4752h32v</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ibrahim, M. S. (2011). The decline of Sufism in West Africa: Some factors contributing to the political and social ascendancy of Wahhabist Islam in northern Ghana [Doctoral dissertation, McGill 
University]. https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/ft848v51h</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mai Ghana TV. (2022, September 19). Sheikh Aliyu Original Cissey talking about the truth of Sheikh Abdullahi Ahmed Maikano Jallo’s marriage at the 17th annual prayers (dua) of Baaba Jallo [Video]. 
Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1DoAkmoahA/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mutasim, M. (2017). Hathaa kitaabunaa yantiqu alaikum bil-Haq. Imamiyyatur-Rasheediyya School.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Seebaway, Z. (2015). Rhetoric and praxis of Ghanaian Salafi and Sufi Muslims: Analogies with prosperity gospel. Pastures of Plenty, 167–181.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Seesemann, R. (2010). Sufism in West Africa. Religion Compass, 4(10), 606-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shimshek, H. A. (2025). Sufism: A philosophy of inner perfection and spiritual practice. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. History. Philosophy Series, 30(2), 311–318, 
https://doi.org/10.31489/2025hph2/311-318</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stark, W. (1965). The routinization of charisma: A consideration of Catholicism. Sociological Analysis, 26(4), 203–211,  https://doi.org/10.2307/3709920</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tijaniyya TV. (2024). Biography of Sheikh Abdullahi Maikano Jallo by Khalifa Sheikh Ahmed Abulfaid [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/YktffN34bvI</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology (G. Roth &amp; C. Wittich, Eds.; Vol. 1, pp. 241–245). University of California Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
