Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM

Vivek Kumar; Partap Singh; Waseem Ahmad

doi:10.31127/tuje.1688563

Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM

Abstract

Previously, people were not aware of fake news and they thought that all the news coming from social media platforms like YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, online ads, etc. was true. However, when they feel that intentionally spreading such news will damage their business, political, and social reputation, the impact occurs, i.e., they lose interpersonal relationships or monetary reputation in society. Researchers believe that it is very important to detect and understand the truth or falsehood of news so that we can stop the spread of fake news in society. To detect whether the news is fake or not, researchers apply machine learning (ML) methods, and these ML algorithms are increasingly improving the efficiency of fake news detection. This paper uses a hybrid model consisting of reinforcement learning, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) algorithms to detect fake news. Reinforcement learning (RL) improves the feature selection process, random forest (RF) algorithm provides persistent classification, and long short-term memory (LSTM) captures and understands the continuous dependencies in the data. Our hybrid method framework develops fake news detection in a better way. In addition, it provides an understanding of how to combine various effective models to achieve good performance in detecting fake news in the real world. The model is evaluated using three publicly available datasets: FakeNewsNet, COVID-19 fake news, and Kaggle fake news datasets, which are selected for their diversity and relevance. Preprocessing steps include text normalization, tokenization, and lemmatization. The model is trained directly on the original dataset distribution and its performance is monitored to ensure that no bias towards any class occurs. The experimental results show that our hybrid model outperforms individual and traditional ML methods, it achieves an accuracy of 80.6% on FakeNewsNet, 92.6% on the KaggleFakeNews dataset, and 92.9% on the COVID-19 dataset. F1-scores ranged from 81.2% to 92.5%, reflecting balanced performance across precision and recall. Our proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to other machine learning methods in terms of better performance metrics such as F1 score, accuracy, recall, and precision.

Keywords

Thanks

Dear Editor, I am pleased to submit our manuscript titled " Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM” for consideration in Turkish Journal of Engineering. In this work, we propose a novel approach to detect fake news using machine learning, deep learning and reinforcement learning techniques. The study demonstrates improved performance over traditional methods and offers valuable insights for advancing research in fake news detection and machine learning field. We believe the manuscript fits well within the scope of your journal and will be of interest to your readership. The content is original, has not been published, and is not under consideration elsewhere. We look forward to your kind consideration. Sincerely, Vivek Kumar Quantum University, Roorkee, India vivekkumarknit@gmail.com

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Software Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Vivek Kumar ^*
0009-0006-5600-7051
India

Partap Singh This is me
0009-0007-8141-2355
India

Waseem Ahmad This is me
0000-0002-1087-3505
India

Publication Date

October 8, 2025

Submission Date

May 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 5, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1688563

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA45BT63WX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kumar, V., Singh, P., & Ahmad, W. (2025). Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 9(4), 831-847. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1688563

AMA

1.Kumar V, Singh P, Ahmad W. Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM. TUJE. 2025;9(4):831-847. doi:10.31127/tuje.1688563

Chicago

Kumar, Vivek, Partap Singh, and Waseem Ahmad. 2025. “Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 9 (4): 831-47. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1688563.

EndNote

Kumar V, Singh P, Ahmad W (October 1, 2025) Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM. Turkish Journal of Engineering 9 4 831–847.

IEEE

[1]V. Kumar, P. Singh, and W. Ahmad, “Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM”, TUJE, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 831–847, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.31127/tuje.1688563.

ISNAD

Kumar, Vivek - Singh, Partap - Ahmad, Waseem. “Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 9/4 (October 1, 2025): 831-847. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1688563.

JAMA

1.Kumar V, Singh P, Ahmad W. Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM. TUJE. 2025;9:831–847.

MLA

Kumar, Vivek, et al. “Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM”. Turkish Journal of Engineering, vol. 9, no. 4, Oct. 2025, pp. 831-47, doi:10.31127/tuje.1688563.

Vancouver

1.Vivek Kumar, Partap Singh, Waseem Ahmad. Enhancing Fake News Detection: A Multi-Modal Approach Integrating Reinforcement Learning, Random Forest, and LSTM. TUJE. 2025 Oct. 1;9(4):831-47. doi:10.31127/tuje.1688563