A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Gurram Bhavana; Rajesh Mitukula

doi:10.31127/tuje.1809878

A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are important to facilitate effective communication of data in harsh aquatic conditions. Efficient routing is necessary in ensuring the transmission of data is reliable and consuming less energy. This paper presents a new algorithm, which is the Cluster-based Traveling Salesman Protocol (CTSP), combining the clustering algorithms with the Traveling Salesman (TS) protocol that will improve the routing efficiency of UWSNs. The main goal of the CTSP is to maximize the data communication among remote cluster heads to the sink node, and as a result minimization of the total energy consumption of the network. The offered framework includes two fundamental modules, which are node clustering and the TS-based routing scheme. The TS protocol is used to identify the most effective data transfer route of sensor nodes so that energy consumption is minimal. At the same time, the clustering algorithm clusters spatially close nodes so that local intra-cluster communication can be done, eliminating long distance communications between clusters. This hybrid approach is an effective way to reduce the consumption of energy and increase the life of the network.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that the research presented in this paper was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of academic integrity and scientific research. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication. There are no conflicts of interest or financial relationships that could have influenced the reported results.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Wireless Communication Systems and Technologies (Incl. Microwave and Millimetrewave), Communications Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gurram Bhavana
0009-0007-2763-8222
India

Rajesh Mitukula ^*
0000-0002-6365-4525
India

Early Pub Date

December 11, 2025

Publication Date

December 16, 2025

Submission Date

October 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 7, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1809878

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA48KL63AX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bhavana, G., & Mitukula, R. (2025). A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 10(1), 244-251. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1809878

AMA

1.Bhavana G, Mitukula R. A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. TUJE. 2025;10(1):244-251. doi:10.31127/tuje.1809878

Chicago

Bhavana, Gurram, and Rajesh Mitukula. 2025. “A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 10 (1): 244-51. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1809878.

EndNote

Bhavana G, Mitukula R (December 1, 2025) A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. Turkish Journal of Engineering 10 1 244–251.

IEEE

[1]G. Bhavana and R. Mitukula, “A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks”, TUJE, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 244–251, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.31127/tuje.1809878.

ISNAD

Bhavana, Gurram - Mitukula, Rajesh. “A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 10/1 (December 1, 2025): 244-251. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1809878.

JAMA

1.Bhavana G, Mitukula R. A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. TUJE. 2025;10:244–251.

MLA

Bhavana, Gurram, and Rajesh Mitukula. “A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks”. Turkish Journal of Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, Dec. 2025, pp. 244-51, doi:10.31127/tuje.1809878.

Vancouver

1.Gurram Bhavana, Rajesh Mitukula. A Hybrid Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Framework for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. TUJE. 2025 Dec. 1;10(1):244-51. doi:10.31127/tuje.1809878

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Turkish Journal of Engineering

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1869785