An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality

Ali Soltan Hossein; Bakhtiar Feizizadeh; Abolfazl Ghanbari; Hassan Emamei

doi:10.31127/tuje.1946261

An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality

Abstract

Groundwater is one of the most essential natural resources for essential natural resources human survival, economic development, and ecosystem balance. The primary objective of this study was to apply a GIS-based spatiotemporal assessment to determine the hydro-geochemical changes in the aquifers located in the east plain Urmia Lake. This hypersaline lake is located in the northwestern part of Iran and has been drying since 2005. We evaluated the hydro-geochemical data and factors contributing to aquifer pollution and quality variation in the aquifers in the vicinity of Urmia Lake from 2005 to 2025. Our proposed methodology was based on the analysis of 25 years of data from 900 deep and semi-deep wells using GIS-based spatial analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. We developed a Water Quality Index (WQI) for a spatiotemporal assessment of aquifer status. In highlighted the value of the integration of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), WQI, and GIS to determine aquifer hydro-geochemical attributes. We found that the groundwater in the central part of the study area is unsuitable for potable supplies. Anthropogenic sources of contamination, such as chemical fertilizers, industrial waste, and untreated sewage water, may be the key factors causing excessive concentrations of contaminants affecting water quality. The PCA results showed that over 80% of the total variance could be attributed to two principal factors in most aquifers and three principal factors in two aquifers. We concluded that the proposed integrated approach of using a multivariate statistical technique and spatial analysis is effective in determining the factors controlling groundwater quality.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in Planning

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ali Soltan Hossein
0009-0000-2372-7120
Iraq

Bakhtiar Feizizadeh ^*
0000-0002-3367-2923
Germany

Abolfazl Ghanbari
0000-0002-0145-0279
Iran

Hassan Emamei This is me
0009-0003-7091-983X
Iran

Publication Date

July 6, 2026

Submission Date

May 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1946261

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA53TF76ZG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Soltan Hossein, A., Feizizadeh, B., Ghanbari, A., & Emamei, H. (2026). An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 10(3), 1188-1202. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1946261

AMA

1.Soltan Hossein A, Feizizadeh B, Ghanbari A, Emamei H. An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality. TUJE. 2026;10(3):1188-1202. doi:10.31127/tuje.1946261

Chicago

Soltan Hossein, Ali, Bakhtiar Feizizadeh, Abolfazl Ghanbari, and Hassan Emamei. 2026. “An Integrated Data Driven Approach for Spatiotemporal Analysis of Climate Change Environmental Impacts on Groundwater Resource and Aquifers Quality”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 10 (3): 1188-1202. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1946261.

EndNote

Soltan Hossein A, Feizizadeh B, Ghanbari A, Emamei H (July 1, 2026) An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality. Turkish Journal of Engineering 10 3 1188–1202.

IEEE

[1]A. Soltan Hossein, B. Feizizadeh, A. Ghanbari, and H. Emamei, “An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality”, TUJE, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1188–1202, July 2026, doi: 10.31127/tuje.1946261.

ISNAD

Soltan Hossein, Ali - Feizizadeh, Bakhtiar - Ghanbari, Abolfazl - Emamei, Hassan. “An Integrated Data Driven Approach for Spatiotemporal Analysis of Climate Change Environmental Impacts on Groundwater Resource and Aquifers Quality”. Turkish Journal of Engineering 10/3 (July 1, 2026): 1188-1202. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1946261.

JAMA

1.Soltan Hossein A, Feizizadeh B, Ghanbari A, Emamei H. An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality. TUJE. 2026;10:1188–1202.

MLA

Soltan Hossein, Ali, et al. “An Integrated Data Driven Approach for Spatiotemporal Analysis of Climate Change Environmental Impacts on Groundwater Resource and Aquifers Quality”. Turkish Journal of Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, July 2026, pp. 1188-02, doi:10.31127/tuje.1946261.

Vancouver

1.Ali Soltan Hossein, Bakhtiar Feizizadeh, Abolfazl Ghanbari, Hassan Emamei. An integrated data driven approach for spatiotemporal analysis of climate change environmental impacts on groundwater resource and aquifers quality. TUJE. 2026 Jul. 1;10(3):1188-202. doi:10.31127/tuje.1946261