INVESTIGATION OF ULEXITE USAGE IN AUTOMOTIVE BRAKE FRICTION MATERIALS

Abstract

The automotive brake pads are multi-component composites made up of many materials. There are many studies in the literature exploring the use of many different materials in brake pads. In this study, the use of ulexite which is a commercially valuable derivatives of boron that 65% of the total world reservations exists in Turkey were researched for brake pad material. For this purpose, three brake pad specimens containing ulexite differing in amount (3, 6 and 9 wt.%) were produced by a conventional procedure for a dry formulation following dry-mixing, pre-forming and hot pressing. The density of the specimens was determined based on Archimedes principle in water. The surface hardness of all brake pad specimens was measured using Rockwell hardness tester. The friction performance of the brake pad specimens was determined using a real brake disc-type tester with grey cast iron. The weights of each specimen were taken before and after the friction test, and the specific wear rate was determined in accordance to the TSE 555 (1992) standard. The results showed that all specimens are applicable to the industry, consistent with the literature and suitable to the TS 555 standard. Also, the results indicated that ulexite is an ideal material for brake pads. 

Keywords

• Ulexite
• Brake Lining
• Wear
• Friction

References

1. Anderson, A. E. (1992). ASM handbook, Friction, lubrication, and wear technology 18, pp. 569-577.
2. Başar, G., Buldum, B.B., Sugözü, İ. (2017). “Effects of Colemanite and Ulexite on the Tribological Characteristics of Brake Friction Materials.” Proc., International Advanced Researches & Engineering Congress, Osmaniye, Turkey, pp. 87-94.
3. Bijwe, J., Aranganathan, N., Sharma, S., Dureja, N. and Kumar, R. (2012). “Nano-abrasives in friction materials-influence on tribological properties.” Wear, Vol. 296, No. 1, pp. 693-701.
4. Çalık, A. (2002). “Turkey boron minerals and features.” Engineer and Machinery, Vol. 508, pp. 1-9.
5. Kuş, H., Altıparmak, D. and Başar G. (2016). “The Effect of Colemanite Content on Friction-Wear Properties of the Bronze Based Brake Lining Material Reinforced with Fly Ash Fabricated by the Hot Pressing Method.” Journal of Polytechnic, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 537-546.
6. Özkan, Ş. G., Çebi, H., Delice, S., and Doğan, M. (1997). “Boron minerals properties and mining.” Proc., 2nd Industrial Minerals Symposium, İzmir, Turkey, pp. 224-228.
7. Stachowiak, G.W. and Batchelor, A.W. (2001). Engineering Tribology, Heineman, Boston, MA, pp. 36-44.
8. Sugözü, İ. (2009). Production of non-asbestos automotive brake lining additional boron and investigation of its braking characteristic, PhD Thesis, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.

9. Sugözü, I. (2015). “Investigation of using rice husk dust and ulexite in automotive brake pads.” Materials Testing, Vol. 57, No. 10, pp. 877-882.
10. Sugözü, B. (2016). The effect of additive of nano silica, nano alumina and nano zircon abrasive particles on brake lining properties, PhD Thesis, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
11. TS 555 (1992). Highway Vehicles-Brake System-Brake Pads for Friction Brake, Turkish Standard Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
12. TS 9076 (1991). Road Vehicles-Brake Linings- Evaluation of Friction Material Characteristics- Small Sample Bench Test Procedure, Turkish Standard Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
13. Wannik, W. B., Ayob, A. F., Syahrullail, S., Masjuki, H. H. and Ahmad M. F. (2012). “The effect of boron friction modifier on the performance of brake pads.” International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 31-35.