NEW REGULATION TO REGISTER THE ANOMALOUS CONSTRUCTIONS AND FINANCE URBAN REGENERATION PROJECTS IN TURKEY: DEVELOPMENT PEACE

Abstract

In the past year a brand new term, Development Peace, has been introduced by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization of Turkey (MEUT) to register the constructions contrary to development and finance urban regeneration activities. Development Peace has been announced as a regulation in order to establish agreement between the owners of the irregular constructions and the government by providing Construction Registration Deed (CRD) on condition that a certain payment must be made based on the property value. The irregular properties except those constructed on private land and on public land reserved for social facilities will benefit from the regulation. Development Peace covers all kinds of constructions that are not in accordance with the Development Law. In May 18th, 2018 a temporary article explaining this new regulation has been added to the Development Law No. 3194 in Turkey. The anomalous constructions are not a newly discovered problem in Turkey and come from the past. The MEUT has taken the initiative and offered a solution for the majority of the buildings in Turkey. The Development Peace, in addition to its many benefits for the people owning irregular properties, will support urban regeneration projects with the income collected through its implementation. While the government forgives the citizens involved in illegitimacy, the law abiding citizens might be demoralized as the formers are getting rewarded. Development Peace-like regulations might have a pitfall such as encouraging the people that have tendency to violate laws. Therefore, the government should take precautions instead of authorizing irregular constructions. On the other hand, this new regulation covers all kinds of constructions no matter how resilient they are against natural hazards (esp. earthquakes), which is the other flawed side of the regulation. 

Keywords

• Development Peace
• Urban Regeneration
• Construction Registration Deed
• Irregular Construction
• Turkey

References

1. Akalın, M., (2018). Kente Karşı İşlenen Suçların Faili: İmar Afları [The Perpetrator of the Crimes Committed Towards the City: Development Peace], IKSAD Publications.
2. Buğra, A., (1998). The Immoral Economy of Housing in Turkey, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 22, Issue 2, 303-317.
3. City of Alameda (2017). Amnesty Program for Undocumented Construction. Available at: https://www.alamedaca.gov/files/sharedassets/public/alameda/commservices/formsandhandouts/building/amnesty_program_for_undocumented_ construction.pdf (Accessed 20 July 2019).
4. De Soto H., (2000). The Mystery of Capital, Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, Bantam Press.
5. e-government gateway, (2018). Yeni Eklenen Hizmetler [Newly Added Services]. Available at: https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/yeni-eklenen-hizmetler (Accessed 06 July 2018).
6. Emlaknews, (2018). Tarihi Yarımada’ya Elektrikli Araç Düzenlemesi Yolda [The Regulation for Use of Electric Vehicles on Its Way for the Historical Peninsula]. Available at: https://www.emlaknews.com.tr/haberler/tarihiyarimadaya-elektrikli-arac-duzenlemesi-yolda-285382/ (Accessed 06 July 2018).
7. Keleş, R., (1978). 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Şehirleşme, Konut ve Gecekondu [Urbanization, Housing, and Gecekondu in Turkey by 100 Questions], Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı [Comprehensive 2nd Edition], Gerçek Yayınevi.
8. Keleş, R., (2015). Kentleşme Politikası [Urbanization Policy], 14. Baskı [14th Edition], İmge Kitabevi.

9. Koutsolambros, Y., (2011). Planning Amnesty Explained. Available at: https://news.cyprus-propertybuyers.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Amnesty.pdf (Accessed 21 July 2019).
10. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, (2018a). İmar Barışı [Development Peace], Booklet. Available at: http://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/imarbarisi/icerikler/brosur20180603111057.pdf (Accessed 05 July 2018).
11. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, (2018b). Available at: http://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/imarbarisi/icerikler/tar-hyarimada-20180601150242.pdf (Accessed 05 July 2018).
12. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, (2018c). EDevlet Kapısı Üzerinden Yapılacak Müracaatta Gereken Bilgiler [The Information Needed for the Application Over E-Government Gateway]. Available at: http://imarbarisi.csb.gov.tr/e-devlet-kapisi-uzerindenyapilacak-muracaatta-gereken-bilgiler-i-86161 (Accessed 03 July 2018).
13. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, (2018d). Yapı Kayıt Belgesi Verilmesine İlişkin Usul ve Esaslar [Rules and Procedures to Provide Construction Registration Deed]. Available at: https://imarbarisi.csb.gov.tr/yapi-kayit-belgesiverilmesine-iliskin-usul-ve-esaslar-i-86171 (Accessed 06 July 2018).
14. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, (2018e). Bakan Kurum “İmar Barışı” Son Verileri Açıkladı [Minister Kurum Declared Last Data About “Development Peace”]. Available at: https://İmarbarisi.Csb.Gov.Tr/Bakan-Kurum-İmarBarisi-Son-Verileri-Acikladi-Haber-229095 (Accessed 24 September 2018).
15. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, (2019). İmar Barışı Ödeme Süresinin Uzatılmasına İlişkin Duyuru [Announcement About Extending the Payment Period of Development Peace]. Available at: https://imarbarisi.csb.gov.tr/imar-barisi-odemesuresinin-uzatilmasina-iliskin-duyuru-haber-240279 (Accessed 27 July 2019).
16. Official Gazette (1948a). Ankara Belediyesine, Arsa ve Arazisinden Belli Bir Kısmını Mesken Yapacaklara 2490 Sayılı Kanun Hükümlerine Bağlı Olmaksızın ve Muayyen Şartlarla Tahsis ve Temlik Yetkisi Verilmesi Hakkında Kanun [Law on Authorization of Municipality of Ankara for Allocating and Assigning Some Part of Its Land to the People Willing to Build Houses]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/6938.pdf (Accessed 15 July 2019).
17. Official Gazette (1948b). Bina Yapımını Teşvik Kanunu [Law on Encouragement of Building Construction]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/6950.pdf (Accessed 15 July 2019).
18. Official Gazette (1953). Bina Yapımını Teşvik ve İzinsiz Yapılan Binalar Hakkında Kanun [Law on Encouragement of Building Construction and the Buildings Constructed without Permission]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/8470.pdf (Accessed 15 July 2019).
19. Official Gazette (1959). Hazineden Belediyelere Devredilecek Arazi ve Arsalar Hakkında Kanun [Law on Land and Plots to be Transferred from Treasury to the Municipalities]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/10265.pdf (Accessed 15 July 2019).
20. Official Gazette (1966). Gecekondu Kanunu [Gecekondu Law]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/12362.pdf (Accessed 16 July 2019).
21. Official Gazette (1976). Gecekondu Kanununda Bazı Değişiklikler Yapılması Hakkında Kanun [Law on Making Some Amendments to the Gecekondu Law]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15588.pdf (Accessed 16 July 2019).
22. Official Gazette (1983). İmar ve Gecekondu Mevzuatına Aykırı Olarak Yapılan Yapılara Uygulanacak İşlemler ve 6785 Sayılı İmar Kanununun Bir Maddesinin Değiştirilmesi Hakkında Kanun [Law on Procedures to be Applied for the Constructions Build Contrary to Development and Gecekondu Legislation and Amending One Article of the Development Law Numbered 6785]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/17994.pdf (Accessed 16 July 2019)
23. Official Gazette (1984). İmar ve Gecekondu Mevzuatına Aykırı Yapılara Uygulanacak Bazı İşlemler ve 6785 Sayılı İmar Kanununun Bir Maddesinin Değiştirilmesi Hakkında Kanun [Law on Procedures to be Applied for the Constructions Contrary to Development and Gecekondu Legislation and Amending One Article of the Development Law Numbered 6785]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18335.pdf (Accessed 17 July 2019).
24. Official Gazette (1986). 24.2.1984 Tarih ve 2981 Sayılı Kanunun Bazı Maddelerinin Değiştirilmesi ve Bu Kanuna Bazı Maddeler Eklenmesi Hakkında Kanun [Law on Amending Some Articles of the Law Dated 24 February 1984 and Numbered 2981 and Adding Some Articles to That Law]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19130.pdf (Accessed 17 July 2019).
25. Official Gazette (1987). 3290 Sayılı Kanun ile Değişik 2981 Sayılı Kanunun Bazı Maddelerinin Değiştirilmesine İlişkin Kanun [Law on Amending Some Articles of the Law Numbered 2981 that has been Amended by the Law Numbered 3290]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19471.pdf (Accessed 17 July 2019).
26. Official Gazette, (2018a). Vergi ve Diğer Bazı Alacakların Yeniden Yapılandırılması ile Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına İlişkin Kanun [Law on Restructuring of Tax and Some Other Debts and Making Changes on Some Laws]. Available at: http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.7143.pdf (Accessed 05 July 2018).
27. Official Gazette, (2018b). Yapı Kayıt Belgesi Verilmesine İlişkin Usul ve Esaslarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Usul ve Esaslar [Rules and Procedures in Respect of Making Changes in Rules and Procedures to Provide Construction Registration Deed]. Available at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/main.aspx?home=http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/09/20180926.htm &main=http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/09/20180926.htm (Accessed 22 September 2018).
28. Posta Gazette (2019). İmar Barışı’nda Son Fırsat [Last Chance for Development Peace]. Available at: https://www.posta.com.tr/imar-barisinda-son-firsat2151184 (Accessed 08 May 2019).
29. Studio Legale Metta, (2019). Italian Building Permit and Violations. Available at: https://www.studiolegalemetta.com/en/italian-buildingpermit-violations/ (Accessed 25 July 2019).
30. Township of Marlboro, (2019). Building/Zoning Permit Amnesty Program. Available at: https://www.marlboronj.gov/notices/2019/Building-zoningDept-AmnestyLetterLF.pdf (Accessed 20 July 2019).
31. Türker-Devecigil, P., (2005). Urban Transformation Projects as a Model to Transform Gecekondu Areas in Turkey: The Example of Dikmen Valley-Ankara, European Journal of Housing Policy, Vol. 5, No. 2, 211-219.