THE USE OF HORIZONTAL GEOMAGNETIC FIELD COMPONENTS FOR ESTIMATION OF GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENT OVER TURKEY DURING SPACE WEATHER EVENTS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 57 - 61, 01.04.2020

Erdinç Timoçin Selma Erat

https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.572457

Öz

In this study, the time derivatives of the horizontal geomagnetic field components were computed to estimate the geomagnetically induced current (GIC) over Turkey during space weather events and the results were compared with the geomagnetic activity indices. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) index, disturbance storm time (Dst) index, global geomagnetic activity indices (ap and Kp) were used as indicator of space weather events. The changes because of solar flares and coronal mass ejections in the space environment between the Sun and Earth are defined as space weather events. Such events’ effects on the Earth's magnetosphere are called geomagnetic storms. In this study, two different space weather events that occurred on 20-26 June 2015 and 06-10 September 2017 are analyzed. The data of the horizontal magnetic field components used in the analysis are obtained from İznik magnetic observatory (40.5^⸰N, 29.7^⸰E). During space weather event on 20-26 June 2015, the maximum (max.) value of time derivative of (dX/dt and dH/dt) X and H horizontal magnetic field components were calculated as 72,22 nT/min. and 74,40 nT/min., respectively, while during space weather event on 06-10 September 2017, the max. value of the time derivative of the X and H horizontal magnetic field components are calculated and the results are 36,90 nT/min. and 38,12 nT/min., respectively. Also, it was observed that the strength of the local geomagnetic disturbance and amplitude of dX/dt and dH/dt at the observatory station depend strongly on the characteristics of geomagnetic activity indices during the space weather events. The southward IMF Bz component induces larger amplitude of dX/dt and dH/dt. The results indicate that the possibility of GIC occurrence over Turkey is quite high. Therefore, we strongly believe that further research and experiment on GIC for Turkey is important.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Space Weather Events, Horizontal Components of Magnetic Field, Geomagnetically Induced Current, Magnetometer

Kaynakça

• Baker, D. N., Balstad, R., Bodeau, J. M., Cameron, E., Fennell, J. F., Fısher, G. M., Forbes, K. F., Kıntner, P. M., Leffler, L. G., Lewıs, W. S., Reagan, J. B., Small, A. A., Stansell, T. A. and Strachan, L. (2008). Severe Space Weather Events-Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report, Space Studies Board, The National Academies Press, Washington, USA.
• Baker, D. N., Li, X., Pulkkinen, A., Ngwira, C. M., Mays, M. L., Galvin, A. B. and Simunac, K. D. C. (2013). "A major solar eruptive event in July 2012: Defining extreme space weather scenarios." Space Weather, Vol. 11, No. 10, pp. 585-591.
• Boteler, D. H., Pijola, R. J. and Nevanlinna, H. (1998). "The effects of geomagnetic disturbances on electrical systmes at the Earth's surface." Advances in Space Research, Vol. 22, No.1, pp. 17-27.
• Caraballo, R., Bettucci, L. and Tancredi, S. G. (2013). "Geomagnetically induced currents in the Uruguayan high-voltage power grid." Geophysical Journal International, Vol.195, No. 2, pp. 844–853.
• Doumbia, V., Boka, K., Kouassi, N., Grodji, O. D. F., Mazaudier, C. A. and Menvielle, M. (2017). "Induction effects of geomagnetic disturbances in the geo-electric field variations at low latitudes." Annales Geophysicae, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 39-51.
• Eroshenko, E. A., Belov, A. V., Boteler, D., Gaidash, S. P., Lobkov, S. L., Pirjola, R. and Trichtchenko, L. (2010). "Effects of strong geomagnetic storms on Northern railways in Russia." Advances in Space Research, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 1102-1110.
• Falayi, E. O. and Beloff, N. (2012). "Modelling of geomagnetically induced currents during geomagnetic storms using geoelectric fields and auroral electrojet indices." Indian Journal of Physics, Vol. 68, No. 6, pp. 423-429.
• Kalafatoğlu, E. E. C. and Kaymaz, Z. (2017). "Magnetic and electric field variations during geomagnetically active days over Turkey." Advances in Space Research, Vol. 60, No. 9, pp. 1921-1948.
• Kappenman, J. G. (2003). "Storm sudden commencement events and the associated geomagnetically induced current risks to ground-based systems at low-latitude and mid-latitude locations." Space Weather, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 1-16.
• Liu, C. M., Liu, L. G., Pirjola, R. and Wang, Z. Z. (2009). "Calculation of geomagnetically induced currents in midto lowlatitude power grids based on the plane wave method: A preliminary case study." Space Weather, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp.1-9.
• Liu, C, Li, Y. and Pirjola, R. (2014). "Observations and modeling of GIC in the Chinese large-scale high-voltage power networks." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol. 4, No. A03, pp. 1-7.
• Myllys, M., Viljanen, A. Rui, Ø. A. and Ohnstad, T. M. (2014). "Geomagnetically induced currents in Norway: the northernmosthigh-voltage power grid in the world." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol. 4, No. A10, pp. 1-10.
• Ngwira, C. M., McKinnell, L. A. and Cilliers, P. J. (2011). "Geomagnetic activity indicators for geomagnetically induced current studies in South Africa." Advances in Space Research, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 529-534.
• Pirjola, R., Viljanen,A., Pulkkinen, A. and Amm, O. (2000). "Space Weather Risk in Power Systems and Pipelines." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 333-337.
• Pirjola, R. (2005). "Effects of space weather on highlatitude ground systems." Advances in Space Research, Vol. 36, No. 12, pp. 2231-2240.
• Pirjola, R. (2007). "Calculation of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in a high-voltage electric power transmission system and estimation of effects of overhead shield wires on GIC modelling." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol.69, No.12, pp. 1305-1311.
• Prölss, G. W. (2004). Physics of the Earth's space environment, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York SpringerVerlag Press, USA.
• Schunk, R. W. and Nagy, A. F. (2000). Ionospheresphysics, plasma physics, and chemistry, Cambridge University Press, UK.
• Schrijver, C. J., Dobbins, R., Murtagh, W. and Petrinec, S. M. (2014). "Assessing the impact of space weather on the electric power grid based on insurance claims for industrial electrical equipment." Space Weather, Vol.12, No. 7, pp. 487-498.
• Stauning, P. (2013). "Power grid disturbances and polar cap index during geomagnetic storms." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol. 3, No. A22, pp. 1-10.
• Timoçin, E., Ünal, İ., Tulunay, Y. and Göker, Ü. D. (2018). “The effect of geomagnetic activity changes on the ionospheric critical frequencies (foF2) at magnetic conjugate points.”Advances in Space Research, Vol. 62, No.4, pp. 821-828.
• Timoçin, E. (2019). "The north and south symmetry of the ionospheric storms at magnetic conjugate points for low latitudes during the March 1976 severe geomagnetic storms and the relation between daily changes of the storms with geomagnetic activity indices." Advances in Space Research, Vol. 63, No.12, pp. 3965-3977.
• Tozzi, R. Michelis, P. D., Coco, I. and Giannattasio, F. (2018). "A Preliminary Risk Assessment of Geomagnetically Induced Currents over the Italian Territory." Space Weather, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 46-58.
• Trivedi, N. B. Vitorello, I´., Kabata, W., Dutra, S. L. G., Padilha, A. L., Bologna, M. S., Pa´dua, M. B., Soares A. P., Luz, G. S., Pinto, F. A.,Pirjola, R. and Viljanen, A. (2007). "Geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission system at low latitudes in Brazil: A case study." Space Weather, Vol.5, No.4, pp. 1-10.
• Viljanen, A. (1997). "The Relation Between Geomagnetic Variations and Their Time Derivatives and Implications for Estimation of Induction Risks." Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 631-634.
• Viljanen, A., Nevanlinna, H., Pajunpaa, K. and Pulkkinen, A. (2001). "Time derivative of the horizontal geomagnetic field as an activityindicator." Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 1107-1118.
• Viljanen, A., Pirjola, R., Pracser, E., Katkalov, J. and Wik, M. (2014). " Geomagnetically induced currents in Europe. Modelled occurrence in a continent-wide power grid." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol. 4, No. A09, pp. 1-9.
• Watari, S., Kunitake, M., Kitamura, K., Hori, T. Kikuchi, T. Shiokawa, K. Nishitani, N. Kataoka, R. Kamide, Y. Aso, T. Watanabe, Y. and Tsuneta, Y. (2009). "Measurements of geomagnetically induced current in a power grid in Hokkaido, Japan." Space Weather, Vol. 7, No.3, pp. 1-11.
• Wik, M., Pirjola, R., Lundstedt, H., Viljanen, A., Wintoft, P. and Pulkkinen, A. (2009). "Space weather events in July 1982 and October 2003 and the effects of geomagnetically induced currents on Swedish technical systems." Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1775-1787.