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ANALYSIS OF GENDERED EMPLOYMENT IN THE HOSPITALITY BUSINESS SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 163 - 170, 31.12.2020

Öz

With the increasing rate of female labor force participation, legal regulations on gender discrimination are gaining more and more importance throughout the world. This is a positive but insufficient development. Today, both national and international policies continue to be unequal between men and women. Women find it difficult to find a place in work environments where they can freely demonstrate their competencies and skills. As in many sectors, the jobs done by women in the hospitality business sector consist of jobs that can be considered as a continuation of housework. The aim of this research is to examine the issues of sexism and prejudice towards women in the context of accommodation businesses and to contribute to the tourism literature

Kaynakça

  • Alarcon, D. ve Mullor, E. C. (2018). Gender dimensions in tourism work. Barselona: Alba Sud Publishing.
  • Basow, S., A. (1992). Gender: Stereotypes and roles. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Col.
  • Blau, F. ve Kahn, L. (2006). The gender pay gap: Going, going⋯ But not gone. F. D. Blau, M. C. Brinton ve D. Grusky (Ed.), The declining significance of gender? içinde (37-66. ss). Russel Sage Foundation: New York.
  • Broadbridge, A. (Ed.). (2007). Gender and management - lessons from recent research : Lessons from recent research. ProQuest Ebook Central.
  • Burgess, C. (2003). Gender and salaries ın hotel financial management, Women in Management Review, 18, (1/2), 50-59.
  • Burgess, D.J. ve Borgida, E. (1999). Who women are, who women should be: Descriptive and prescriptive gender stereotyping in sex discrimination.
  • Cameron, D. (1992). ′Not gender difference but the difference gender makes′ — explanation in research on sex and language, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1992(94), 13-26.
  • Çelik, M, ve Şahingöz, S.A. (2018). İş yaşamında cinsiyet ayrımcılığı: kadın aşçılar örneği. Journal Of Tourism And Gastronomy Studies, 261, 370-383.
  • Eagly, A. H. ve Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598.
  • Eagly, A. ve Mladinic, A. (1989). Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Women and Men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 15. 543-558.
  • Fiske S. T., Cuddy A. J. C., Glick, P. ve Xu, J. (2002). A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow From Perceived Status and Competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878–902.
  • Glick P. ve Fiske S. T.. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating Hostile and Benevolent Sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491–512.
  • Guimarães, F., F., Regina C. ve Ramos, S., J. (2016). Pay gap by gender in the tourism industry of Brazil, Tourism Management, 52(C), 440-450.
  • Hare-Mustin, R, T, (1987). The gender dichotomy and developmental theory: A response to Sayers, New Ideas in Psychology, 5(2),261-267.
  • Hentschel, T., Peus, C. V. ve Heilman, M. E. (2019). The multiple dimensions of gender stereotypes: A current look at men’s and women’s characterizations of others and themselves. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00011
  • Hoyt, C. L. (2010). Women, Men, and Leadership: Exploring the Gender Gap at the Top, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(7), 484-498.
  • Katz, I. (1991). Gordon Allport's "The Nature of Prejudice, Political Psychology, 12(1), 125-157.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2011). The gendered society, New York: Oxford University Press,
  • Konrad, A. M. ve Harris, C. (2002). Desirability of the bem sex-role ınventory ıtems for women and men: a comparison between african Americans and European Americans,sex Roles, 47(5/6), 260-271.
  • Kortt, M., Sinnewe, E., Pervan, S. (2018). The gender wage gap in the tourism ındustry: evidence from australia. Tourism Analysis. 23, 137-149.
  • Li, L. ve Leung, R.W. (2001). Female managers in asian hotels: profile and career challenges, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(4), 189-196.
  • Limon, S., Kara, N. O. ve Antalyalı, Ö. L. (2019). Yönetim literatüründe stereotip (kalıpyargı) kavramı: ulusa ve uluslararası alandaki yönetim araştırmaları üzerine bir inceleme, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 10(23), 195-211.
  • Mackenzie, S. (2002). Kentte Kadınlar, Ayten Alkan, Bülent Duru (Der. ve Çev.), 20. Yüzyıl Kenti, Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.
  • Mies, M. (2011). Ataerki ve Birikim, çev., Yıldız Temurtürkan, Dipnot Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Obadiz, A. (2016). Gender discrimination and pay gap on tourism labor market. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 10(3), 823-828.
  • Purcell, K. (1996). The relationship between career and job opportunities: women’s emploment in the hospitality industry as a microcosm of women’s employment, Women in Management Review, 11(5), 17-24.
  • Skalpe, O. (2007). The CEO gender pay gap in the tourism industry—Evidence from Norway, Tourism Management, 28(3), 845-853.
  • Simmons, M. (2012). Feminist gender theory summary. 2018, http://www.aissg.org/PDF/Gender-Theory-Summary.pdf
  • Steinfieldt J. A., Zakrajsek, R.., Carter, H. ve Steinfieldt, M. C. (2011). Conformity to Gender Norms Among Female Student-Athletes: Implications for Body Image. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 12(4), 401–416.
  • Thrane, C. (2008). Earnings differentiation in the tourism ındustry: gender, Human Capital And Socio-Demographic Effects, 29 (3), 514-524.
  • Uğuz, S. Ç. ve Topbaş, F. (2016). Turizmde kadın istihdamı ve ücret ayrımcılığı: karşılaştırmalı bir analiz, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 27(1), 62 - 78.
  • World Tourism Organization ( 2019 ). Global Report on Women in Tourism – Second Edition, UNWTO, Madrid, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420384.
  • Yılmaz, M. ve Zoğal, Y. (2015). Kadının işgücüne katılımının tarihsel gelişimi ve kadın istihdamını etkileyen faktörler: Türkiye ve Avrupa örneği,

KONAKLAMA İŞLETMELERİ SEKTÖRÜNDEKİ CİNSİYETLENDİRİLMİŞ İSTİHDAMIN YÖNETİCİLİK BAĞLAMINDA ANALİZİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 163 - 170, 31.12.2020

Öz

Kadınların işgücüne katılım oranlarının artmasıyla, cinsiyet ayrımcılığına dair yasal düzenlemeler, dünya genelinde her geçen gün daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu gelişme olumlu olmasına karşın yeterli değildir. Günümüzde hem ulusal hem de uluslararası politikalar, kadınlar ve erkekler arasında eşitsizliğe neden olmaya devam etmektedirler. Kadınlar, sahip oldukları yetkinlik ve becerileri özgürce ortaya koyabilecekleri iş ortamlarında kendilerine yer bulmakta zorlanmaktadırlar. Pek çok sektörde olduğu gibi, konaklama işletmeleri sektöründe de kadınlar tarafından yapılan işler, çoğunlukla ev işlerinin bir uzantısı olarak kabul edilebilecek nitelikteki işlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı kadınlara yönelik cinsiyetçilik ve önyargı konularını, konaklama işletmeleri bağlamında incelenmek ve dolayısıyla turizm alan yazınına katkı sunmaktır

Kaynakça

  • Alarcon, D. ve Mullor, E. C. (2018). Gender dimensions in tourism work. Barselona: Alba Sud Publishing.
  • Basow, S., A. (1992). Gender: Stereotypes and roles. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Col.
  • Blau, F. ve Kahn, L. (2006). The gender pay gap: Going, going⋯ But not gone. F. D. Blau, M. C. Brinton ve D. Grusky (Ed.), The declining significance of gender? içinde (37-66. ss). Russel Sage Foundation: New York.
  • Broadbridge, A. (Ed.). (2007). Gender and management - lessons from recent research : Lessons from recent research. ProQuest Ebook Central.
  • Burgess, C. (2003). Gender and salaries ın hotel financial management, Women in Management Review, 18, (1/2), 50-59.
  • Burgess, D.J. ve Borgida, E. (1999). Who women are, who women should be: Descriptive and prescriptive gender stereotyping in sex discrimination.
  • Cameron, D. (1992). ′Not gender difference but the difference gender makes′ — explanation in research on sex and language, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1992(94), 13-26.
  • Çelik, M, ve Şahingöz, S.A. (2018). İş yaşamında cinsiyet ayrımcılığı: kadın aşçılar örneği. Journal Of Tourism And Gastronomy Studies, 261, 370-383.
  • Eagly, A. H. ve Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598.
  • Eagly, A. ve Mladinic, A. (1989). Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Women and Men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 15. 543-558.
  • Fiske S. T., Cuddy A. J. C., Glick, P. ve Xu, J. (2002). A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow From Perceived Status and Competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878–902.
  • Glick P. ve Fiske S. T.. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating Hostile and Benevolent Sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491–512.
  • Guimarães, F., F., Regina C. ve Ramos, S., J. (2016). Pay gap by gender in the tourism industry of Brazil, Tourism Management, 52(C), 440-450.
  • Hare-Mustin, R, T, (1987). The gender dichotomy and developmental theory: A response to Sayers, New Ideas in Psychology, 5(2),261-267.
  • Hentschel, T., Peus, C. V. ve Heilman, M. E. (2019). The multiple dimensions of gender stereotypes: A current look at men’s and women’s characterizations of others and themselves. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00011
  • Hoyt, C. L. (2010). Women, Men, and Leadership: Exploring the Gender Gap at the Top, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(7), 484-498.
  • Katz, I. (1991). Gordon Allport's "The Nature of Prejudice, Political Psychology, 12(1), 125-157.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2011). The gendered society, New York: Oxford University Press,
  • Konrad, A. M. ve Harris, C. (2002). Desirability of the bem sex-role ınventory ıtems for women and men: a comparison between african Americans and European Americans,sex Roles, 47(5/6), 260-271.
  • Kortt, M., Sinnewe, E., Pervan, S. (2018). The gender wage gap in the tourism ındustry: evidence from australia. Tourism Analysis. 23, 137-149.
  • Li, L. ve Leung, R.W. (2001). Female managers in asian hotels: profile and career challenges, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(4), 189-196.
  • Limon, S., Kara, N. O. ve Antalyalı, Ö. L. (2019). Yönetim literatüründe stereotip (kalıpyargı) kavramı: ulusa ve uluslararası alandaki yönetim araştırmaları üzerine bir inceleme, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 10(23), 195-211.
  • Mackenzie, S. (2002). Kentte Kadınlar, Ayten Alkan, Bülent Duru (Der. ve Çev.), 20. Yüzyıl Kenti, Ankara: İmge Yayınevi.
  • Mies, M. (2011). Ataerki ve Birikim, çev., Yıldız Temurtürkan, Dipnot Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Obadiz, A. (2016). Gender discrimination and pay gap on tourism labor market. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 10(3), 823-828.
  • Purcell, K. (1996). The relationship between career and job opportunities: women’s emploment in the hospitality industry as a microcosm of women’s employment, Women in Management Review, 11(5), 17-24.
  • Skalpe, O. (2007). The CEO gender pay gap in the tourism industry—Evidence from Norway, Tourism Management, 28(3), 845-853.
  • Simmons, M. (2012). Feminist gender theory summary. 2018, http://www.aissg.org/PDF/Gender-Theory-Summary.pdf
  • Steinfieldt J. A., Zakrajsek, R.., Carter, H. ve Steinfieldt, M. C. (2011). Conformity to Gender Norms Among Female Student-Athletes: Implications for Body Image. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 12(4), 401–416.
  • Thrane, C. (2008). Earnings differentiation in the tourism ındustry: gender, Human Capital And Socio-Demographic Effects, 29 (3), 514-524.
  • Uğuz, S. Ç. ve Topbaş, F. (2016). Turizmde kadın istihdamı ve ücret ayrımcılığı: karşılaştırmalı bir analiz, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 27(1), 62 - 78.
  • World Tourism Organization ( 2019 ). Global Report on Women in Tourism – Second Edition, UNWTO, Madrid, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420384.
  • Yılmaz, M. ve Zoğal, Y. (2015). Kadının işgücüne katılımının tarihsel gelişimi ve kadın istihdamını etkileyen faktörler: Türkiye ve Avrupa örneği,
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Akgun 0000-0001-7801-3010

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akgun, Z. (2020). KONAKLAMA İŞLETMELERİ SEKTÖRÜNDEKİ CİNSİYETLENDİRİLMİŞ İSTİHDAMIN YÖNETİCİLİK BAĞLAMINDA ANALİZİ. Turizm Ekonomi Ve İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 163-170.