Sorgum ve Yonca Ekstraktlarının Buğday ve Yabani Yulaf Çimlenmesi ve Büyümesi Üzerindeki Allelopatik Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Sorghum bicolor L. ve Medicago sativa L.'nın tohum ve bitki kısımlarından hazırlanan; saf su, etanol ve metanol özütlerinin yabani yulaf (Avena fatua L.) ve buğdayın (Triticum aestivum L.) çimlenmesi ve erken fide gelişimi üzerindeki allelopatik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitki materyalleri ulusal tarım araştırma enstitülerinden temin edilmiş ve standart protokoller kullanılarak çıkarılmıştır. Deneyler, 15 gün boyunca kontrollü büyüme odası koşulları altında yürütülmüştür. Toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri spektrofotometrik olarak ölçülmüş ve özellikle sorgum tohumlarından elde edilen metanol özütlerinin en yüksek seviyelere (sırasıyla 3672,7 ppm GAE ve 2585,7 ppm CE) sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuçlar, her iki bitki türünün %5 ve %10 etanol özütlerinin yanı sıra sorgum ve yoncanın %10 metanol özütlerinin çimlenmeyi önemli ölçüde engellediğini ve fide büyümesini azalttığını göstermiştir. Sorgum tohumu metanol özütü ve yonca bitki materyali metanol özütü, kök ve sürgün uzunluğunu ve biyokütle birikimini azaltarak en güçlü allelopatik etkileri göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, daha düşük konsantrasyonlu su özütleri zaman zaman nötr, hatta uyarıcı etkiler göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, sorgum ve yoncanın, özellikle metanol ile ekstrakte edildiğinde, allelopatik potansiyelini vurgulamakta ve entegre yabancı ot yönetim sistemlerinde sentetik herbisitlere çevre dostu alternatifler olarak kullanılma olasılıklarını desteklemektedir.

Keywords

• Allelopati
• Fenolik
• flavonoid
• Çimlenme önleyici
• yabancı ot kontrolü

Supporting Institution

Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Başkanlığı

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada insan katılımcıları veya hayvanlar yer almadığından etik onay gerekmemektedir.

Thanks

Bu çalışmayı 126-2023 numaralı proje ile destekleyen Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğüne teşekkür ederiz.

Evaluating the Allelopathic Potential of Sorghum and Alfalfa Extracts on Wheat and Wild Oat Germination and Growth

Abstract

This study investigates the allelopathic effects of distilled water, ethanol, and methanol extracts obtained from the seeds and plant parts of Sorghum bicolor L. and Medicago sativa L. on the germination and early seedling development of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant materials were sourced from national agricultural research institutes and extracted using standardized protocols. Experiments were conducted under controlled growth chamber conditions over 15 days. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified spectrophotometrically, revealing that methanol extracts, particularly those from sorghum seeds, had the highest levels (3672.7 ppm GAE and 2585.7 ppm CE, respectively). Results showed that 5% and 10% ethanol extracts of both plant species, as well as the 10% methanol extracts of sorghum and alfalfa, significantly inhibited germination and reduced seedling growth. Sorghum seed methanol extract and alfalfa plant material methanol extract demonstrated the strongest allelopathic effects, reducing root and shoot length and biomass accumulation. In contrast, lower concentration water extracts occasionally showed neutral or even stimulatory effects. These findings highlight the allelopathic potential of sorghum and alfalfa, particularly when extracted with methanol, and support their possible use as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic herbicides in integrated weed management systems.

Keywords

• Allelopathy
• phenolics
• flavonoids
• germination inhibition
• weed management

Supporting Institution

Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Scientific Research Projects Coordination

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve human participants or animals; therefore, ethical approval was not required.

Thanks

We would like to thank Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Scientific Research Projects Coordination for supporting this study with project number 126-2023.

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