Pülverizatör Memelerinde Pülverizasyon Karakteristiklerinin Görüntü İşleme Yöntemiyle Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Pülverizasyon uygulamalarında damla karakteristiklerini belirlemek için çoğunlukla suya duyarlı kartlar (WSP) kullanılmaktadır. WSP yüzeyine temas eden damlalar leke oluşturduğundan görüntü işleme yöntemiyle pülverizasyon karakteristikleri belirlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; damla örnekleme çalışmalarına standart bir yaklaşım getirmek, görüntü işlemede operatör tercihine dayalı unsurları ortadan kaldırmak ve pülverizasyon karakteristiklerini istatistiksel yöntemlerle belirlemektir. Damla örnekleme çalışmaları için bir püskürtme simülatörü kullanılmış ve kontrollü şartlarda düşük hacimli (80 l ha-1) püskürtme uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Denemeler 9 kez tekrarlanmış ve toplanan WSP örnekleri taranarak görüntü işlemeyle leke analizi yapılmıştır. Görüntülerin eşik seviyesi ortalama grilik seviyesine göre belirlenmiştir. Yüzey kaplama oranı %30’un üzerinde olan WSP örnekleri analize dahil edilmemiştir. Leke boyutunu belirlemek için dairesellik faktörü 0.8’den küçük olan lekeler elimine edilmiştir. Damla karakteristiklerini belirlemek için makro yazılım oluşturulmuştur. Lekelerin yayılma faktörüne göre damlaların küresel çapı tahmin edilmiştir. Pülverizasyon karakteristiklerini belirlemek için tanımlayıcı (deskriptif) istatistik yöntemi kullanılmış ve hesaplamalar 20 çap sınıfı oluşturularak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada ortalama damla çapı (D10, D20, D30 ve D32), 100, 150, 200 ve 250 µm’den küçük çaplı damlaların hacimsel dağılımı (V100, V150, V200 ve V250), hacimsel çaplar (DV0.10, DV0.25, DV0.50, DV0.75 ve DV0.90), damla spektrumu yayılım faktörü (RSF), damla homojenlik katsayısı (r) ve damla tekdüzelik oranı (H) hesaplanmıştır. Tekrarlı yürütülen denemeler kendi aralarında karşılaştırıldığında damla çaplarının değişimi, damla spektrumunun yayılımı, kümülatif dağılım eğrileri ve damla homojenliğini tanımlayan faktörler arasında büyük bir uyumun olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonucuna göre D32 ve DV0.50 çapları arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Damla çapı arttıkça RSF değeri azalmıştır. r ve H değerleri arasındaki korelasyon istatistiksel açıdan çok önemli bulunmuş ve aralarında negatif yönlü bir ilişkinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Damlacık çapı,damla analizi,suya duyarlı kağıt,sauter ortalama çap,hacimsel çap

Determination of Spray Characteristics in Sprayer Nozzles Using Image Processing Method

Abstract

Water sensitive papers (WSP) are often used to determine drop characteristics in spray applications. Since the droplets that come into contact with the surface of the WSP create a stain, the spray characteristics can be determined by the image processing method. The aim of this study is to bring a standard approach to drop sampling, eliminate the factors based on operator preference in image processing, and determine the spray characteristics by statistical methods. A spray simulator was used for drop sampling and low volume (80 l ha-1) spraying applications were performed under controlled conditions. The trials were repeated 9 times and the collected WSP samples were scanned and the image processing and stain analysis were performed. The thresholding level of the WSP images is determined according to the average grayscale level. WSP samples with a surface coating rate above 30% were not included in the analysis. Stains with a circularity factor of less than 0.8 were eliminated to determine the stain size. Macro module was created to determine the drop characteristics. The spherical diameter of the drops was estimated according to the spreading factor of the spots. A descriptive statistical method was used to determine the spray characteristics and the calculations were made by creating 20 droplet diameter classes. The average droplet diameter (D10, D20, D30 and D32), volumetric distribution of droplets smaller than 100, 150, 200 and 250 µm (V100, V150, V200 and V250), volumetric diameters (DV0.10, DV0.25, DV0.50, DV0.75 and DV0.90), droplet spectrum relative span factor (RSF), droplet uniformity coefficient (R) and droplet uniformity ratio (H) were calculated. When the repeated experiments were compared between themselves, it was observed that there was a great harmony between the factors that defined the change of droplet diameters, the spread of the droplet spectrum, cumulative distribution curves and droplet homogeneity. The correlation analysis found a positive correlation between D32 and DV0.50 diameters. As the drop diameter increased, the RSF value decreased. The correlation between r and H values was found to be very important statistically and it was determined that there was a negative correlation between them.

Keywords

• Droplet diameter,drop analysis,water sensitive paper,sauter mean diameter,volume diameter

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