Moisture Influence on Some Physical and Gravimetric Properties of Ackee Apple (Blighia sapida) Seeds

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 415 - 424, 31.12.2020

Olajıde Sadıku , Davıd Omogunsoye

Abstract

Some moisture influenced physical and gravimetric properties of Ackee apple seeds (Blighia sapida) were investigated at 11.9, 17, 22, 27 and 32% moisture content (wet basis). These properties are vital in handling, storing, and processing of seeds including the design of required equipment. Ackee seeds have medicinal and industrial benefits. The seeds were collected from Lanlate, Oyo State (7° 36ʹ 0ʺ North, 3° 27ʹ 0ʺ East), Nigeria where ackee trees are predominant. Seed moisture content was determined using ASAE standard. ANOVA, using Genstat Discovery Edition 4 was adopted for data analysis and means were separated using LSD at 5% significance level. As seed moisture content increased from 11.9 to 32%, there was no statistically significant effect on the seed axial dimensions, principal diameters, sphericity and surface area. This is because seed axial dimensions relatively determine other properties afore stated. However there were significant and linear increases in thousand unit mass (189.3 – 230.3 g), bulk (377.0 - 418.3 kgm-3) and true (714.3 - 771.1 kgm-3) densities but decrease in porosity was not significant. Increase in both bulk and true densities is due to the rate of increase in the mass of the seed bulk being higher than that of its volume. A non-linear decrease showed in seed volume (3.4-3.2 cm3). Regression equations were generated to predict the behavior of Ackee seeds with respect to their moisture content and a baseline data necessary for the design of equipment for handling, storing and processing Ackee apple seeds was developed. Mechanizing the process line for ackee seeds is therefore possible.

Keywords

Aril, Bulk density, Length, Physical, Porosity, Processing, Sphericity, Surface area

Moisture Influences of Some Physical and Gravimetric Properties of Ackee Apple Seeds (Blighia sapida)

Abstract

This research evaluated and determined some moisture-influenced physical and gravimetric properties of Blighia sapida seeds relevant to machine design at 11.9, 17.0, 22.0, 27.0 and 32.0% moisture levels (wet basis). These properties are vital in handling and seed process design. With increasing seed moisture (11.9 to 32.0%), there was no statistically significant effect on the seed axial dimensions, principal diameters, sphericity and surface area. This is because seed axial dimensions relatively determine other properties afore stated. However, there were significant and linear increases in thousand seed mass (189.3 – 230.3 g), bulk (377.0 - 418.3 kg m-3) and true (714.3 - 771.1 kg m-3) densities but decrease in porosity was not significant. Increase in bulk and true densities is due to the rate of increase in the seed mass being more rapid than the rate of increase in its volume, as the seed moisture increased. A non-linear decrease showed in seed volume (3.4-3.2 cm3). Behavioral patterns of ackee seeds and their investigated properties, under increasing moisture was expressed using regression models. Required primary data for the design of handling techniques and process machinery for ackee apple seeds were generated.

Keywords

Bulk density, Length, Porosity, Sphericity, Surface area

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