Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 12, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.48053/turkgeo.929327

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ateba, B., Dorbath, C., Dorbath, L., Ntepe, N., Frogneux, M., Akja, F.T., Hell, J.V., Delmond, J.C., & Manguelle, D. (2009). Eruptive and earthquake activities related to the 2000 eruption of Mount Cameroon volcano (West Africa). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 179, 206-216.
  • Ateba, B., & Ntepe, N. (1997). Post-eruptive seismic activity of Mount Cameroon (Cameroon, West Africa): A statistical analysis. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 79 (1-2), 25-45.
  • Ayonghe, S.N., Suh, C.E., Ntasin, E.B., Samalang, P., & Fantong, W. (2002). Hydrologically, seismically and tectonically triggered landslides along the Cameroon Volcanic Line, Cameroon. Africa Geosciences Review, 9(4), 325-336.
  • Ayonghe, S.N., Ntasin, E.B., Samalang, P., & Suh, C.E. (2004). The June 27, 2001 landslide on volcanic cones in Limbe, Mount Cameroon, West Africa. Journal of Africa Earth Science 39(3-5), 435-439.
  • Bardintzeff, J.M., Déruelles, B., Cheminée, J.L., Etame, J., Fosso, J., Hell, J.V., Lissom, J., Ngounouno, I., Nkouathio, D.G., Nkoumbou, C., Nni, J., & Nono, A. (2000). L’éruption de mars-avril 1999 du Mont Cameroun: dynamisme et premières données pétrologiques. Cahier géologique, 135, 1835-1837.
  • Dionne, J.C. (1991). Campy, M et Macaire, JJ (1989), Géologie des formations superficielles (Géodynamique-faciès-utilisation). Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 45(1), 118-119.
  • CEBTP, (1984). Guide pratique de dimensionnement des chaussées des pays tropicaux. Ministère de la coopération de la République Française (Eds).155 p.
  • Corwin, K.A., Brand, B.D., Hubbard, M.L., & Johnston, D.M. (2017). Household preparedness motivation in lahar hazard zones: assessing the adoption of preparedness behaviors among laypeople and response professionals in communities downstream from Mount Baker and Glacier Peak (USA) volcanoes. Journal of Applied Volcanology, 6(1), 1-19.
  • Déruelle, B. (1982). Risque volcanique au Mont Cameroun. Revue de Géographie du Cameroun, 3(1). 33-40.
  • Déruelle, B., N’ni, J., & Kambou, R. (1987). Mont Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line. Journal of Africa Earth Sciences, 6(2), 197-214.
  • Déruelle, B., Moreau, C., Nkoumbou, C., Kambou, R., Lissom, J., Njonfang, E., ... & Nono, A. (1991). The Cameroon line: a review. Magmatism in extensional structural settings, 274-327.
  • Fisher R.V., & Schemincke H.U. (1984). Pyroclastic Rocks, Springer-verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 472.
  • Fitton, J.G. (1987). The Cameroon line, West Africa: a comparison between oceanic and continental alkaline volcanism. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 273-291.
  • Giresse, P., Maley, J., & Brenac, P. (1994). Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments in the Lake Barombi Mbo (West Cameroon) deduced from pollen and carbon isotopes of organic matter. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 107(1-2), 65-78. Huguet, D., Thouret, J.C., Nehlig, P., Raffy, J., & Rochette, P. (2001). Les lahars du strato-volcan du Cantal (Massif Central, France): stratigraphie, modes de mise en place et implication paléo-géomorphologiques. Bulletin de la Société Géologie de France, 172(5), 573-585.
  • Kagou Dongmo, A., Wandji, P., Pouclet, A., Vicat, J.P., Cheilletz, A., Nkouathio D.G., & Tchoua, F.M. (2001). Évolution volcanologique du mont Manengouba (Ligne du Cameroun); nouvelles données pétrographiques, géochimiques. géochronologiques. Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences-Series IIA-Earth and Planetary Science. 333(3), 155-162.
  • Kervyn, M.B. Van Wyk de Vries, B., Walter, T.R., Njome, M.S., Suh, C.E., & Ernst, G.G.J. (2014). Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling, Journal of Geophysic. Research. Solid Earth, 119(10), 7542-7563.
  • Kretz, R. (1983). Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American mineralogist, 68(1-2), 277-279.
  • Kuété, M. (1999). Exploitation des ressources naturelles dans les environs de Dschang: Impact environnemental. Géosciences au Cameroun, JP Vicat et P. Bilong, ed., Collection Géocam, 47-54.
  • Lambi, C.M., & Nwana, B.S. (1991). Human interference and environmental instability: the case of the Limbe landslide. Revue de géographie du Cameroun, 10(1), 44-52.
  • Lavigne, F., & Thouret, J.C. (2000). Les lahars; depots, origines et dynamique. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 171(5), 545-557.
  • Lavigne, F. (1998). Les lahars du volcan Merapi, Java central, Indonésie (Doctoral dissertation, Clermont-Ferrand 2).
  • Lavigne, F., Thouret, J.C., Voight, B., Suwa, H., & Sumaryono, A. (2000). Lahars at Merapi volcano, Central Java: an overview. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 100(1-4), 423-456.
  • Maley, J. (1983). Histoire de la végétation et du climat de l’Afrique nord-tropicale au Quaternaire récent. Bothalia, 14(3/4), 377-389.
  • Moby Etia, P. (1979). Climats. In les Atlas Jeune Afrique, République Unie du Cameroun.
  • N'NI, J. (1984). Le volcan actif du mont Cameroun (ligne du Cameroun): géologie et pétrologie du volcan (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Ngounouno, I., Déruelle, B., Montigny, R., & Demaiffe, D. (2006). Les camptonites du mont Cameroun, Cameroun, Afrique. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 338(8), 537-544.
  • Ngwa, C.N., Lenhardt, N., Le Roux, P., & Mbassa, B.J. (2019). The subsurface magma eruptions: Geochemical constraints on the subsurface magma plumbing system. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 384, 179-188.
  • Nkoumbou, C., Nana, R., Eno Belinga, S., Vicat, J.P., & Tchoua, F. (2001). Les éruptions du Mont Cameroun de 1999: Etude volcanologique. Histoire Géologique du Cameroun. Eno Bélinga 117-123.
  • Rodolfo, K.S., & Arguden, A.T. (1991). Rain-Lahars generation and sediment-delivery system at Mayon volcano.
  • Scaëtta, H. (1937). Variations du climat pléistocène en Afrique Centrale. In Annales de Géographie, 46(260), 164-171.
  • Scott, K.M., Vallance, J.W., & Pringle, P.T. (1995). Sedimentology, behavior and hazard of debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington, US Geological Survey, 1547, 56.
  • Smith, G.A., & Fritz, W.J. (1989). Volcanic influences on terrestrial sedimentation. Geology, 17(4), 375-376.
  • Suh, C.E., Ayonghe, S.N., Sparks, R.S. J., Annen, C., Fitton, J.G., Nana, R., & Luckman, A. (2003). The 1999 and 2000 eruptions of Mount Cameroon: eruption behaviour and petrochemistry of lava. Bulletin of Volcanology, 65(4), 267-281.
  • Tchungouelieu, H.W., Pizette, P., Wouatong, A.S.L., Abriak, N.E., Borrel, L.R., Razafimahatratra, N.F., Ngapgue, & F, Guouillier, T. (2018). Effect of 0/5 basaltic aggregates on geotechnical properties of fine lateritic soils from Bafang (West-Cameroon) for road construction purposes. National Geotechnical and Engineering Geology Days.
  • Thouret, J.C., Abdurachman, K.E., Bourdier, J.L., & Bronto, S. (1998). Origin, characteristics, and behaviour of subsequent lahars of the 1990 eruption at Kelud, East Java (Indonesia). Bulletin of Volcanology, 59, 460-480.
  • Thouret, J.C., Vandemeulebrouck, J., Komorowsky, J. C., & Valla, F. (1995). Volcano-glacier interactions: field survey, remote sensing and modelling-a case study Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia. Steepland geomorphology, Sleymaker O., 63-88.
  • Tricart, J., & Cailleux, A. (1965). Introduction à la géomorphologie climatique (Vol. 1). Société d'édition d'enseignement supérieur.
  • Tsafack, J.P.F., Wandji, P., Bardintzeff, J.M., Bellon, H., & Guillou, H. (2009). The Mount Cameroon stratovolcano (Cameroon volcanic line, Central Africa): petrology, geochemistry, isotope and age data. Geochemistry, mineralogy and Petrology, 47, 65-78.
  • Tsalefac, M., Ngoufo, R., Nkwambi, W., Tatsangue, E. D., & Fobissie, B.L. (2003). Fréquences et quantités des précipitations journalières sur le territoire camerounais. Publ. AIC, 15, 359-367.
  • Tytgat Nele, J.L. (2008). Susceptibility analysis of the risk of small landslides on the southern slope of Mount Cameroon Volcano. Unpublished MSc thesis, Ghent University.
  • Vallance, J.W., & Iverson, R.M. (2015). Lahars and their deposits. In The encyclopedia of volcanoes (649-664). Academic Press.
  • Vallance, J.W., & Scott, K.M. (1997). The Osceola Mudflow from Mount Rainier: Sedimentology and hazard implications of a huge clay-rich debris flow. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109(2), 143-163.
  • Wandji, P., Tsafack, J.P.F., Bardintzeff, J.M., Nkouathio, D.G., Dongmo, A.K., Bellon, H., & Guillou, H. (2009). Xenoliths of dunites, wehrlites and clinopyroxenites in the basanites from Batoke volcanic cone (Mount Cameroon, Central Africa): petrogenetic implications. Mineralogy and Petrology, 96(1-2), 81-98.
  • Zogning, A. (1988). Le Mont Cameroun, un volcan actif: contribution à l’étude de géographie physique appliquée (Doctoral dissertation, unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Yaounde, Cameroon).

The Lahars of the South-East slope of Mount Cameroon: geological study, economic interest and impacts of their exploitation on the environment

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 12, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.48053/turkgeo.929327

Öz

Mount Cameroon is the site of explosive eruptions with the emission of ash, slag and lava flows. Mudflows, known as Lahars, can also be observed. These Lahars are mainly found in the lower part of the south-eastern slope. The outcrops observed on this flank show that these Lahars are very extensive and are avalanches of volcanic material, which flowed down the slopes of the volcano after the eruptions. The different outcrops observed are separated by pyroclastic products on which the lahars rest. The components of these lahars are generally black or grey basalts. The main granulometric characteristic of the deposits of these lahars is their heterometry. The size of the material varies from a few meters to the clay fraction. Large concentrations of mineable material are found in the watercourses. These materials are exploited in order to produce aggregates for civil engineering. This exploitation has consequences on the immediate environment. In addition to climatic factors, several parameters have influenced the mobilities and emplacement of the lahars on the south-eastern slope of Mount Cameroon: the slope, the volume and thickness of the deposits, the nature and physico-hydric characteristics of the deposits. The persistence of strombolian volcanic eruptions on Mount Cameroon and the particularly rainy context predispose it to other future episodes of lahar flow.

Kaynakça

  • Ateba, B., Dorbath, C., Dorbath, L., Ntepe, N., Frogneux, M., Akja, F.T., Hell, J.V., Delmond, J.C., & Manguelle, D. (2009). Eruptive and earthquake activities related to the 2000 eruption of Mount Cameroon volcano (West Africa). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 179, 206-216.
  • Ateba, B., & Ntepe, N. (1997). Post-eruptive seismic activity of Mount Cameroon (Cameroon, West Africa): A statistical analysis. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 79 (1-2), 25-45.
  • Ayonghe, S.N., Suh, C.E., Ntasin, E.B., Samalang, P., & Fantong, W. (2002). Hydrologically, seismically and tectonically triggered landslides along the Cameroon Volcanic Line, Cameroon. Africa Geosciences Review, 9(4), 325-336.
  • Ayonghe, S.N., Ntasin, E.B., Samalang, P., & Suh, C.E. (2004). The June 27, 2001 landslide on volcanic cones in Limbe, Mount Cameroon, West Africa. Journal of Africa Earth Science 39(3-5), 435-439.
  • Bardintzeff, J.M., Déruelles, B., Cheminée, J.L., Etame, J., Fosso, J., Hell, J.V., Lissom, J., Ngounouno, I., Nkouathio, D.G., Nkoumbou, C., Nni, J., & Nono, A. (2000). L’éruption de mars-avril 1999 du Mont Cameroun: dynamisme et premières données pétrologiques. Cahier géologique, 135, 1835-1837.
  • Dionne, J.C. (1991). Campy, M et Macaire, JJ (1989), Géologie des formations superficielles (Géodynamique-faciès-utilisation). Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 45(1), 118-119.
  • CEBTP, (1984). Guide pratique de dimensionnement des chaussées des pays tropicaux. Ministère de la coopération de la République Française (Eds).155 p.
  • Corwin, K.A., Brand, B.D., Hubbard, M.L., & Johnston, D.M. (2017). Household preparedness motivation in lahar hazard zones: assessing the adoption of preparedness behaviors among laypeople and response professionals in communities downstream from Mount Baker and Glacier Peak (USA) volcanoes. Journal of Applied Volcanology, 6(1), 1-19.
  • Déruelle, B. (1982). Risque volcanique au Mont Cameroun. Revue de Géographie du Cameroun, 3(1). 33-40.
  • Déruelle, B., N’ni, J., & Kambou, R. (1987). Mont Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line. Journal of Africa Earth Sciences, 6(2), 197-214.
  • Déruelle, B., Moreau, C., Nkoumbou, C., Kambou, R., Lissom, J., Njonfang, E., ... & Nono, A. (1991). The Cameroon line: a review. Magmatism in extensional structural settings, 274-327.
  • Fisher R.V., & Schemincke H.U. (1984). Pyroclastic Rocks, Springer-verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 472.
  • Fitton, J.G. (1987). The Cameroon line, West Africa: a comparison between oceanic and continental alkaline volcanism. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 273-291.
  • Giresse, P., Maley, J., & Brenac, P. (1994). Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments in the Lake Barombi Mbo (West Cameroon) deduced from pollen and carbon isotopes of organic matter. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 107(1-2), 65-78. Huguet, D., Thouret, J.C., Nehlig, P., Raffy, J., & Rochette, P. (2001). Les lahars du strato-volcan du Cantal (Massif Central, France): stratigraphie, modes de mise en place et implication paléo-géomorphologiques. Bulletin de la Société Géologie de France, 172(5), 573-585.
  • Kagou Dongmo, A., Wandji, P., Pouclet, A., Vicat, J.P., Cheilletz, A., Nkouathio D.G., & Tchoua, F.M. (2001). Évolution volcanologique du mont Manengouba (Ligne du Cameroun); nouvelles données pétrographiques, géochimiques. géochronologiques. Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences-Series IIA-Earth and Planetary Science. 333(3), 155-162.
  • Kervyn, M.B. Van Wyk de Vries, B., Walter, T.R., Njome, M.S., Suh, C.E., & Ernst, G.G.J. (2014). Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling, Journal of Geophysic. Research. Solid Earth, 119(10), 7542-7563.
  • Kretz, R. (1983). Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American mineralogist, 68(1-2), 277-279.
  • Kuété, M. (1999). Exploitation des ressources naturelles dans les environs de Dschang: Impact environnemental. Géosciences au Cameroun, JP Vicat et P. Bilong, ed., Collection Géocam, 47-54.
  • Lambi, C.M., & Nwana, B.S. (1991). Human interference and environmental instability: the case of the Limbe landslide. Revue de géographie du Cameroun, 10(1), 44-52.
  • Lavigne, F., & Thouret, J.C. (2000). Les lahars; depots, origines et dynamique. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, 171(5), 545-557.
  • Lavigne, F. (1998). Les lahars du volcan Merapi, Java central, Indonésie (Doctoral dissertation, Clermont-Ferrand 2).
  • Lavigne, F., Thouret, J.C., Voight, B., Suwa, H., & Sumaryono, A. (2000). Lahars at Merapi volcano, Central Java: an overview. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 100(1-4), 423-456.
  • Maley, J. (1983). Histoire de la végétation et du climat de l’Afrique nord-tropicale au Quaternaire récent. Bothalia, 14(3/4), 377-389.
  • Moby Etia, P. (1979). Climats. In les Atlas Jeune Afrique, République Unie du Cameroun.
  • N'NI, J. (1984). Le volcan actif du mont Cameroun (ligne du Cameroun): géologie et pétrologie du volcan (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Ngounouno, I., Déruelle, B., Montigny, R., & Demaiffe, D. (2006). Les camptonites du mont Cameroun, Cameroun, Afrique. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 338(8), 537-544.
  • Ngwa, C.N., Lenhardt, N., Le Roux, P., & Mbassa, B.J. (2019). The subsurface magma eruptions: Geochemical constraints on the subsurface magma plumbing system. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 384, 179-188.
  • Nkoumbou, C., Nana, R., Eno Belinga, S., Vicat, J.P., & Tchoua, F. (2001). Les éruptions du Mont Cameroun de 1999: Etude volcanologique. Histoire Géologique du Cameroun. Eno Bélinga 117-123.
  • Rodolfo, K.S., & Arguden, A.T. (1991). Rain-Lahars generation and sediment-delivery system at Mayon volcano.
  • Scaëtta, H. (1937). Variations du climat pléistocène en Afrique Centrale. In Annales de Géographie, 46(260), 164-171.
  • Scott, K.M., Vallance, J.W., & Pringle, P.T. (1995). Sedimentology, behavior and hazard of debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington, US Geological Survey, 1547, 56.
  • Smith, G.A., & Fritz, W.J. (1989). Volcanic influences on terrestrial sedimentation. Geology, 17(4), 375-376.
  • Suh, C.E., Ayonghe, S.N., Sparks, R.S. J., Annen, C., Fitton, J.G., Nana, R., & Luckman, A. (2003). The 1999 and 2000 eruptions of Mount Cameroon: eruption behaviour and petrochemistry of lava. Bulletin of Volcanology, 65(4), 267-281.
  • Tchungouelieu, H.W., Pizette, P., Wouatong, A.S.L., Abriak, N.E., Borrel, L.R., Razafimahatratra, N.F., Ngapgue, & F, Guouillier, T. (2018). Effect of 0/5 basaltic aggregates on geotechnical properties of fine lateritic soils from Bafang (West-Cameroon) for road construction purposes. National Geotechnical and Engineering Geology Days.
  • Thouret, J.C., Abdurachman, K.E., Bourdier, J.L., & Bronto, S. (1998). Origin, characteristics, and behaviour of subsequent lahars of the 1990 eruption at Kelud, East Java (Indonesia). Bulletin of Volcanology, 59, 460-480.
  • Thouret, J.C., Vandemeulebrouck, J., Komorowsky, J. C., & Valla, F. (1995). Volcano-glacier interactions: field survey, remote sensing and modelling-a case study Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia. Steepland geomorphology, Sleymaker O., 63-88.
  • Tricart, J., & Cailleux, A. (1965). Introduction à la géomorphologie climatique (Vol. 1). Société d'édition d'enseignement supérieur.
  • Tsafack, J.P.F., Wandji, P., Bardintzeff, J.M., Bellon, H., & Guillou, H. (2009). The Mount Cameroon stratovolcano (Cameroon volcanic line, Central Africa): petrology, geochemistry, isotope and age data. Geochemistry, mineralogy and Petrology, 47, 65-78.
  • Tsalefac, M., Ngoufo, R., Nkwambi, W., Tatsangue, E. D., & Fobissie, B.L. (2003). Fréquences et quantités des précipitations journalières sur le territoire camerounais. Publ. AIC, 15, 359-367.
  • Tytgat Nele, J.L. (2008). Susceptibility analysis of the risk of small landslides on the southern slope of Mount Cameroon Volcano. Unpublished MSc thesis, Ghent University.
  • Vallance, J.W., & Iverson, R.M. (2015). Lahars and their deposits. In The encyclopedia of volcanoes (649-664). Academic Press.
  • Vallance, J.W., & Scott, K.M. (1997). The Osceola Mudflow from Mount Rainier: Sedimentology and hazard implications of a huge clay-rich debris flow. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109(2), 143-163.
  • Wandji, P., Tsafack, J.P.F., Bardintzeff, J.M., Nkouathio, D.G., Dongmo, A.K., Bellon, H., & Guillou, H. (2009). Xenoliths of dunites, wehrlites and clinopyroxenites in the basanites from Batoke volcanic cone (Mount Cameroon, Central Africa): petrogenetic implications. Mineralogy and Petrology, 96(1-2), 81-98.
  • Zogning, A. (1988). Le Mont Cameroun, un volcan actif: contribution à l’étude de géographie physique appliquée (Doctoral dissertation, unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Yaounde, Cameroon).
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Joseph Legrand Tchop 0000-0002-4103-494X

Victor Metang Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0911-6531

Jacques Dili-rake Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0540-1140

Gaelle Nana 0000-0001-6563-7027

Pauline Wokwenmendam Nguet Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3612-5222

Bernard Tassongwa Bu kişi benim

Benjamin Ntieche Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2952-8058

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tchop, J. L., Metang, V., Dili-rake, J., Nana, G., vd. (2021). The Lahars of the South-East slope of Mount Cameroon: geological study, economic interest and impacts of their exploitation on the environment. Turkish Journal of Geosciences, 2(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.48053/turkgeo.929327