ORMAN YOLU PLANLAMASINDA CBS TABANLI HEYELAN DUYARLILIĞI HARİTALAMASININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: TANIR DERESİ HAVZASI ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 253 - 264, 27.10.2025

Kıvanç Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.1771112

Öz

Dağlık ormanlık alanlarda bölmeden çıkarma, orman yol ağları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilir. Türkiye'de ormanlık alanlar yüksek dağlık bölgelerde ve dik yamaçlı arazilerde yer almaktadır. Dağlık alanlarda yol ağları planlaması, negatif ve pozitif kardinal noktalar dikkate alınarak yapılmalıdır. Yol yapımı sonrasında heyelanlar ve kütle hareketleri tetiklenir ve büyük çaplı toprak hareketlerine yol açabilir. Heyelan duyarlılık haritalaması (HDH), heyelanlara yatkın alanları tahmin etmek için sıklıkla kullanılır. Heyelan duyarlılık haritalamasının oluşturulmasında CBS tabanlı makine öğrenimi yöntemleri sıklıkla kullanılır. Bu çalışmada, HDH, CBS tabanlı lojistik regresyon yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma alanı olarak, yoğun orman yönetimi faaliyetlerinin yürütüldüğü ve orman ve kırsal yolların bulunduğu Kahramanmaraş ilinin Suçatı bölgesindeki Tanır Nehri havzası seçilmiştir. HDH, belirli başlangıç ve bitiş noktaları ile inşa edilecek yeni bir orman yolunun güzergâhını belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Heyelan verileri, Maden Araştırma ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü'nden temin edilmiştir. HDH'nin oluşturulmasında eğim, bakı, eğrilik, arazi kullanımı, litoloji, NDVI, yola uzaklık, akarsuya uzaklık parametreleri kullanılmıştır. HDH 'ye göre, çalışma alanı heyelan potansiyeli açısından çok yüksek, yüksek, orta, düşük ve çok düşük olmak üzere beş sınıfa ayrılmıştır. Sonuçlar, çalışma alanının yaklaşık %60'ının yüksek ve çok yüksek heyelan potansiyeline sahip alanlardan oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Doğaya dayalı çözümlerin ve yer hareketinin en aza indirilmesinin kritik öneme sahip olduğu hassas orman havzalarında, CBS tabanlı heyelan duyarlılık haritaları yol güzergâhlarının belirlenmesinde son derece doğru alternatifler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman yolu , heyelan duyarlılık haritalama , CBS , lojistik regresyon

ASSESSMENT OF GIS-BASED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING IN FOREST ROAD PLANNING: THE TANIR STREAM WATERSHED CASE STUDY

Öz

Primer transport in mountainous forest areas is carried out using forest road networks. In Turkey, forest areas are located in high mountainous areas and steep slope land. Road networks planning in mountainous areas should be done by considering negative and positive cardinal points. Landslides and mass movements are triggered after road construction and can lead to massive earth movements. The landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is often used to predict landslide-prone areas. GIS-based machine learning methods are frequently used in the creation of landslide susceptibility mapping. In this study, LSM was created using GIS-based logistic regression method. It was selected the Tanır Stream Watershed as the study area, in the Suçatı region of Kahramanmaraş province, where intensive forest management activities are carried out and forest and rural roads are located. The LSM was used to determine the route of a new forest road to be constructed with certain starting and end points. Landslide data were obtained from General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. The parameters of slope, aspect, curvature, land use, lithology, NDVI, distance to road, distance to stream were used to create the LSM. According to LSM, the study area was divided into five classes in terms of landslide potential: very high, high, medium, low and very low. The results show that approximately 60% of the study area consists of areas with high and very high landslide potential. In sensitive forest watersheds where nature-based solutions and minimized ground movement are critical, GIS-based landslide susceptibility maps offer highly accurate alternatives for locating road routes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest road , landslide susceptibility mapping , GIS , logistic regression

Etik Beyan

A part of this study was presented as an abstract proceeding at the 5th International Conference of Forest Engineering and Technologies (FETEC 2024) in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank the General Directorate of Forestry and General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explorations for providing data.

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