Year 2023,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 41 - 51, 30.03.2023
Ramazan Bayer
,
Hadi Nobarı
,
Özgür Eken
,
Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu
,
Hürmüz Koç
,
Elena Mainer Pardos
,
Fatma Hilal Yağın
References
- Alnuman, N., & Alshamasneh, A. (2022). The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Pulmonary Function in Mixed Martial Arts and Kickboxing Athletes. J Hum Kinet, 81(1), 53–63.
- American College of Sports Medicine. (2018). ACSM’s Guidelines For Exercise Testing And Prescription (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Heal.
- Ayala, V., Martínez-Bebia, M., Latorre, J. A., Gimenez-Blasi, N., Jimenez-Casquet, M. J., Conde-Pipo, J., Bach-Faig, A., & Mariscal-Arcas, M. (2021). Influence of circadian rhythms on sports performance. Chronobiol Int, 38(11), 1522–1536.
- Barcroft, J., & King, W. O. R. (1909). The effect of temperature on the dissociation curve of blood. J Physiol, 39(5), 374-384.
- Bayer, R., & Eken, Ö. (2021). Some anaerobic performance variations from morning to evening: massage affects performance and diurnal variation. Revista on Line de Política e Gestão Educacional, 2459–2474.
- Behm, D. G., Kay, A. D., Trajano, G. S., & Blazevich, A. J. (2021). Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up. Eur J Appl Physiol, 121(1), 67–94.
- Bishop, D. (2003). Warm Up I. Sports Med, 33(6), 439–454.
- Blazevich, A. J., & Babault, N. (2019). Post-activation Potentiation Versus Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Humans: Historical Perspective, Underlying Mechanisms, and Current Issues. Front physiol, 10, 1359.
- Boyle, M. (2004). Functional training for sports: superior conditioning for today’s athlete. Illinois: Human Kinetics.
- Buśko, K. (2016). Power-velocity characteristics and jumping abilities in male combat athletes. Hum Mov, 17(3), 181-184.
- Can, İ., & Bayrakdaroğlu, S. (2020). The relationship between the upper-body strength characteristics with velocity and power parameters during the bench throw movement: Is sport branch an important factor. Turk J Sport Exerc, 22(2), 189–195.
- Can, I., Bayrakdaroglu, S., & Duran, H. (2019). Comparison of velocity and power parameters during bench throw and loaded-squat jump movements according to some sport branches. International Journal of Sport Sciences and Health, 6(11–12), 67–78.
- Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power. Sports Med, 41(1), 17–38.
- Deschenes, M. R., Kraemer, W. J., Bush, J. A., Doughty, T. A., Kim, D., Mullen, K. M., & Ramsey, K. (1998). Biorhythmic influences on functional capacity of human muscle and physiological responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30(9), 1399–1407.
- Eken, Ö., & Bayer, R. (2022). Acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, massage and combine protocols on flexibility, vertical jump and hand grip strength performance in kickboxers. Pedagogy Phys Cult sports, 26(1), 4–12.
- Eken, Ö., Bayer, R., & Bayrakdaroglu, S. (2022). The acute effect of high-ıntensity functional exercises on circadian rhythm and anaerobic performance parameters. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 11(1), 279–286.
- Eliakim, M., Meckel, Y., Nemet, D., & Eliakim, A. (2007). The effect of music during warm-up on consecutive anaerobic performance in elite adolescent volleyball players. Int J Sports Med, 28(4), 321–325.
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39(2), 175–191.
- Fox, E. (1998). The Physiological Basis of Physical Education and Athletics. 4th edition, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.
- Frikha, M., Chaâri, N., Gharbi, A., & Souissi, N. (2016). Influence of warm-up duration and recovery interval prior to exercise on anaerobic performance. Biol of Sport, 33(4), 361–366.
- Gartland, S. (2001). Injury and injury rates in Muay Thai kick boxing. Br J Sports Med, 35(5), 308–313.
- Gauthier, A., Davenne, D., Martin, A., & Van Hoecke, J. (2001). Time of day effects on isometric and isokinetic torque developed during elbow flexion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol, 84(3), 249–252.
- Guilherme da Silva Telles, L., Cristiano Carelli, L., Dutra Bráz, I., Junqueira, C., Rios Monteiro, E., Machado Reis, V., Macedo Vianna, J., & da Silva Novaes, J. (2020). Effects of ischemic preconditioning as a warm-up on leg press and bench press performance. J Hum Kinet, 75(1), 267–277.
- Hawley, J. A., Williams, M. M., Hamling, G. C., & Walsh, R. M. (1989). Effects of a task-specific warm-up on anaerobic power. Br J Sports Med, 23(4), 233–236.
- Izquierdo, M., Häkkinen, K., Gonzalez-Badillo, J., Ibáñez, J., & Gorostiaga, E. (2002). Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports. Eur J Appl Physiol, 87(3), 264–271.
- Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, M. O. (1957). The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Bıol Fen, 35, 307–315.
- Lericollais, R., Gauthier, A., Bessot, N., Sesboüé, B., & Davenne, D. (2009). Time-of-day effects on fatigue during a sustained anaerobic test in well-trained cyclists. Chronobiol Int, 26(8), 1622–1635.
- Leyk, D., Rüther, T., Witzki, A., Schomaker, R., & Löllgen, H. (2017). Training and motives of 50–65 year old male sport newcomers: Results of a nationwide survey of endurance runners. J Sci Med Sport, 20, S33.
- Loturco, I., Nakamura, F. Y., Tricoli, V., Kobal, R., Cal Abad, C. C., Kitamura, K., Ugrinowitsch, C., Gil, S., Pereira, L. A., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2015a). Determining the Optimum Power Load in Jump Squat Using the Mean Propulsive Velocity. PLoS One, 10(10), e0140102.
- Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Kobal, R., Zanetti, V., Gil, S., Kitamura, K., Abad, C. C. C., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2015b). Half-squat or jump squat training under optimum power load conditions to counteract power and speed decrements in Brazilian elite soccer players during the preseason. J Sports Sci, 33(12), 1283–1292.
- Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Reis, V. P., Bishop, C., Zanetti, V., Alcaraz, P. E., Freitas, T. T., & Mcguigan, M. R. (2020). Power training in elite young soccer players: Effects of using loads above or below the optimum power zone. J Sports Sci, 38(11–12), 1416–1422.
- McArdle, W. D., Frank, K., & Victor, K. (2010). Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- McCutcheon, L. J., Geor, R. J., & Hinchcliff, K. W. (1999). Effects of prior exercise on muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in horses. J Appl Physiol, 87(5), 1914–1922
- McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., & Rattray, B. (2015). Warm-Up Strategies for Sport and Exercise: Mechanisms and Applications. Sports Medicine, 45(11), 1523–1546.
- Mujika, I., de Txabarri, R. G., Maldonado-Martín, S., & Pyne, D. B. (2012). Warm-up intensity and duration’s effect on traditional rowing time-trial performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 7(2), 186–188.
- Nikolaidis, P. T., Torres-Luque, G., Chtourou, H., Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Ramírez-Vélez, R., & Heller, J. (2016). Comparison between jumping vs. cycling tests of short-term power in elite male handball players: the effect of age. Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, 91, 93–101.
- Neves, P. P., Alves, A. R., Marinho, D. A., Ferraz, R., Gil, M. H., Faíl, L. B., Sousa, A. C., Marques, M. C., & Neiva, H. P. (2019). The effect of combining general warm-up with specific warm-up in bench press performance. Proceedings of the International Seminar of Physical Education, Leisure and Health; Castelo Branco, Portugal (17-19 June 2019). Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(4proc), S1169-S1823.
- Portaluppi, F., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol Int, 27(9–10), 1911–1929.
- Prieske, O., Behrens, M., Chaabene, H., Granacher, U., & Maffiuletti, N. A. (2020). Time to differentiate postactivation “potentiation” from “performance enhancement” in the strength and conditioning community. Sports Med, 50(9), 1559–1565.
- Pullinger, S., Robertson, C. M., Oakley, A. J., Hobbs, R., Hughes, M., Burniston, J. G., & Edwards, B. J. (2019). Effects of an active warm-up on variation in bench press and back squat (upper and lower body measures). Chronobiol Int, 36(3), 392–406.
- Racinais, S., & Oksa, J. (2010). Temperature and neuromuscular function. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 20, 1–18.
- Racinais, Sébastien, Connes, P., Bishop, D., Blonc, S., & Hue, O. (2005). Morning versus evening power output and repeated‐sprint ability. Chronobiol Int, 22(6), 1029–1039.
- Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Farrelly, K., & Fairhurst, E. (2007). Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks specifically related to football (soccer). Chronobiol Int, 24(3), 507–519.
- Reilly, T., & Waterhouse, J. (2009). Sports performance: is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? Eur J Appl Physiol, 106(3), 321–332.
- Safran, M. R., Garrett, W. E., Seaber, A. V., Glisson, R. R., & Ribbeck, B. M. (1988). The role of warmup in muscular injury prevention. Am J Sports Med, 16(2), 123–129.
- Sanchez-Medina, L., Perez, C. E., & Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J. (2010). Importance of the Propulsive Phase in Strength Assessment. Int J Sports Med, 31(02), 123–129.
- Shephard, R. J. (1984). Sleep, Biorhythms and Human Performance. Sports Med, 1(1), 11–37.
- Slimani, M., Chaabene, H., Miarka, B., Franchini, E., Chamari, K., & Cheour, F. (2017). Kickboxing review: anthropometric, psychophysiological and activity profiles and injury epidemiology. Biol Sport, 2, 185–196.
- Souissi, N., Driss, T., Chamari, K., Vandewalle, H., Davenne, D., Gam, A., Fillard, J.-R., & Jousselin, E. (2010). Diurnal variation in Wingate test performances: influence of active warm-up. Chronobiol Int, 27(3), 640–652.
- Teo, W., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, M. J. (2011). The effects of circadian rhythmicity of salivary cortisol and testosterone on maximal isometric force, maximal dynamic force, and power output. J Strength Cond Res, 25(6), 1538–1545.
- Thun, E., Bjorvatn, B., Flo, E., Harris, A., & Pallesen, S. (2015). Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Med Rev, 23, 1–9.
- Tomaras, E. K., & MacIntosh, B. R. (2011). Less is more: standard warm-up causes fatigue and less warm-up permits greater cycling power output. J Appl Physiol, 111(1), 228–235.
- Valenzuela, P. L., McGuigan, M., Sánchez-Martínez, G., Torrontegi, E., Vázquez-Carrión, J., Montalvo, Z., Abad, C. C. C., Pereira, L. A., & Loturco, I. (2020). Reference power values for the jump squat exercise in elite athletes: A multicenter study. J Sports Sci, 38(19), 2273–2278.
- Waterhouse, J., Drust, B., Weinert, D., Edwards, B., Gregson, W., Atkinson, G., Kao, S., Aizawa, S., & Reilly, T. (2005). The circadian rhythm of core temperature: origin and some implications for exercise performance. Chronobiol Int, 22(2), 207–225.
- Zarrouk, N., Chtourou, H., Rebai, H., Hammouda, O., Souissi, N., Dogui, M., & Hug, F. (2012). Time of day effects on repeated sprint ability. Int J Sports Med, 33(12), 975–980.
- Zimmermann, H. B., MacIntosh, B. R., & Dal Pupo, J. (2020). Does postactivation potentiation (PAP) increase voluntary performance? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 45(4), 349–356.
Effect of different specific warm-up protocols and time of day on optimum power performance in kickboxers
Year 2023,
Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 41 - 51, 30.03.2023
Ramazan Bayer
,
Hadi Nobarı
,
Özgür Eken
,
Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu
,
Hürmüz Koç
,
Elena Mainer Pardos
,
Fatma Hilal Yağın
Abstract
Numerous variables can affect performance before the competition. Nevertheless, it could be a subject of curiosity to find out whether a warm-up strategy has a more positive effect on the power performance of kickboxers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different specific warm-up protocols and time of day on optimum power performance in kickboxers. Ten volunteer males performed three different warm-up routines in random order. The warm-up protocols consisted of only 20 min for each group. The groups with low-intensity aerobic running (NSWU) and specific warm-ups (SWU-20m) performed 20-min protocols. The other group followed 10 minutes of jogging and 10 minutes of specific warm-up (SWU-10m). All groups followed the warm-up randomly at two different periods of the day (i.e. morning: 09:00-10:00 and evening: 16:00-17:00) on non-consecutive days. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of Mean Propulsion (W) (F=3.518; p2=0.036). There was a statistically significant difference in Mean propulsive Power (W) between NSWU and SWU-10m (p3= 0.0007) in addition there was also a statistically significant difference in SWU-10m and SWU-20m (p3= 0.0106) and, NSWU and SWU-20m (p3= 0.415) protocols. In conclusion, mean propulsion (W) performance showed diurnal variation, and performances of the kickboxers’ can be affected more positively in the evening hours, especially after SWU protocols.
References
- Alnuman, N., & Alshamasneh, A. (2022). The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Pulmonary Function in Mixed Martial Arts and Kickboxing Athletes. J Hum Kinet, 81(1), 53–63.
- American College of Sports Medicine. (2018). ACSM’s Guidelines For Exercise Testing And Prescription (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Heal.
- Ayala, V., Martínez-Bebia, M., Latorre, J. A., Gimenez-Blasi, N., Jimenez-Casquet, M. J., Conde-Pipo, J., Bach-Faig, A., & Mariscal-Arcas, M. (2021). Influence of circadian rhythms on sports performance. Chronobiol Int, 38(11), 1522–1536.
- Barcroft, J., & King, W. O. R. (1909). The effect of temperature on the dissociation curve of blood. J Physiol, 39(5), 374-384.
- Bayer, R., & Eken, Ö. (2021). Some anaerobic performance variations from morning to evening: massage affects performance and diurnal variation. Revista on Line de Política e Gestão Educacional, 2459–2474.
- Behm, D. G., Kay, A. D., Trajano, G. S., & Blazevich, A. J. (2021). Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up. Eur J Appl Physiol, 121(1), 67–94.
- Bishop, D. (2003). Warm Up I. Sports Med, 33(6), 439–454.
- Blazevich, A. J., & Babault, N. (2019). Post-activation Potentiation Versus Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Humans: Historical Perspective, Underlying Mechanisms, and Current Issues. Front physiol, 10, 1359.
- Boyle, M. (2004). Functional training for sports: superior conditioning for today’s athlete. Illinois: Human Kinetics.
- Buśko, K. (2016). Power-velocity characteristics and jumping abilities in male combat athletes. Hum Mov, 17(3), 181-184.
- Can, İ., & Bayrakdaroğlu, S. (2020). The relationship between the upper-body strength characteristics with velocity and power parameters during the bench throw movement: Is sport branch an important factor. Turk J Sport Exerc, 22(2), 189–195.
- Can, I., Bayrakdaroglu, S., & Duran, H. (2019). Comparison of velocity and power parameters during bench throw and loaded-squat jump movements according to some sport branches. International Journal of Sport Sciences and Health, 6(11–12), 67–78.
- Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power. Sports Med, 41(1), 17–38.
- Deschenes, M. R., Kraemer, W. J., Bush, J. A., Doughty, T. A., Kim, D., Mullen, K. M., & Ramsey, K. (1998). Biorhythmic influences on functional capacity of human muscle and physiological responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30(9), 1399–1407.
- Eken, Ö., & Bayer, R. (2022). Acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, massage and combine protocols on flexibility, vertical jump and hand grip strength performance in kickboxers. Pedagogy Phys Cult sports, 26(1), 4–12.
- Eken, Ö., Bayer, R., & Bayrakdaroglu, S. (2022). The acute effect of high-ıntensity functional exercises on circadian rhythm and anaerobic performance parameters. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 11(1), 279–286.
- Eliakim, M., Meckel, Y., Nemet, D., & Eliakim, A. (2007). The effect of music during warm-up on consecutive anaerobic performance in elite adolescent volleyball players. Int J Sports Med, 28(4), 321–325.
- Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39(2), 175–191.
- Fox, E. (1998). The Physiological Basis of Physical Education and Athletics. 4th edition, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia.
- Frikha, M., Chaâri, N., Gharbi, A., & Souissi, N. (2016). Influence of warm-up duration and recovery interval prior to exercise on anaerobic performance. Biol of Sport, 33(4), 361–366.
- Gartland, S. (2001). Injury and injury rates in Muay Thai kick boxing. Br J Sports Med, 35(5), 308–313.
- Gauthier, A., Davenne, D., Martin, A., & Van Hoecke, J. (2001). Time of day effects on isometric and isokinetic torque developed during elbow flexion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol, 84(3), 249–252.
- Guilherme da Silva Telles, L., Cristiano Carelli, L., Dutra Bráz, I., Junqueira, C., Rios Monteiro, E., Machado Reis, V., Macedo Vianna, J., & da Silva Novaes, J. (2020). Effects of ischemic preconditioning as a warm-up on leg press and bench press performance. J Hum Kinet, 75(1), 267–277.
- Hawley, J. A., Williams, M. M., Hamling, G. C., & Walsh, R. M. (1989). Effects of a task-specific warm-up on anaerobic power. Br J Sports Med, 23(4), 233–236.
- Izquierdo, M., Häkkinen, K., Gonzalez-Badillo, J., Ibáñez, J., & Gorostiaga, E. (2002). Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports. Eur J Appl Physiol, 87(3), 264–271.
- Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, M. O. (1957). The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Bıol Fen, 35, 307–315.
- Lericollais, R., Gauthier, A., Bessot, N., Sesboüé, B., & Davenne, D. (2009). Time-of-day effects on fatigue during a sustained anaerobic test in well-trained cyclists. Chronobiol Int, 26(8), 1622–1635.
- Leyk, D., Rüther, T., Witzki, A., Schomaker, R., & Löllgen, H. (2017). Training and motives of 50–65 year old male sport newcomers: Results of a nationwide survey of endurance runners. J Sci Med Sport, 20, S33.
- Loturco, I., Nakamura, F. Y., Tricoli, V., Kobal, R., Cal Abad, C. C., Kitamura, K., Ugrinowitsch, C., Gil, S., Pereira, L. A., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2015a). Determining the Optimum Power Load in Jump Squat Using the Mean Propulsive Velocity. PLoS One, 10(10), e0140102.
- Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Kobal, R., Zanetti, V., Gil, S., Kitamura, K., Abad, C. C. C., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2015b). Half-squat or jump squat training under optimum power load conditions to counteract power and speed decrements in Brazilian elite soccer players during the preseason. J Sports Sci, 33(12), 1283–1292.
- Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Reis, V. P., Bishop, C., Zanetti, V., Alcaraz, P. E., Freitas, T. T., & Mcguigan, M. R. (2020). Power training in elite young soccer players: Effects of using loads above or below the optimum power zone. J Sports Sci, 38(11–12), 1416–1422.
- McArdle, W. D., Frank, K., & Victor, K. (2010). Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- McCutcheon, L. J., Geor, R. J., & Hinchcliff, K. W. (1999). Effects of prior exercise on muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in horses. J Appl Physiol, 87(5), 1914–1922
- McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., & Rattray, B. (2015). Warm-Up Strategies for Sport and Exercise: Mechanisms and Applications. Sports Medicine, 45(11), 1523–1546.
- Mujika, I., de Txabarri, R. G., Maldonado-Martín, S., & Pyne, D. B. (2012). Warm-up intensity and duration’s effect on traditional rowing time-trial performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 7(2), 186–188.
- Nikolaidis, P. T., Torres-Luque, G., Chtourou, H., Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Ramírez-Vélez, R., & Heller, J. (2016). Comparison between jumping vs. cycling tests of short-term power in elite male handball players: the effect of age. Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, 91, 93–101.
- Neves, P. P., Alves, A. R., Marinho, D. A., Ferraz, R., Gil, M. H., Faíl, L. B., Sousa, A. C., Marques, M. C., & Neiva, H. P. (2019). The effect of combining general warm-up with specific warm-up in bench press performance. Proceedings of the International Seminar of Physical Education, Leisure and Health; Castelo Branco, Portugal (17-19 June 2019). Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(4proc), S1169-S1823.
- Portaluppi, F., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol Int, 27(9–10), 1911–1929.
- Prieske, O., Behrens, M., Chaabene, H., Granacher, U., & Maffiuletti, N. A. (2020). Time to differentiate postactivation “potentiation” from “performance enhancement” in the strength and conditioning community. Sports Med, 50(9), 1559–1565.
- Pullinger, S., Robertson, C. M., Oakley, A. J., Hobbs, R., Hughes, M., Burniston, J. G., & Edwards, B. J. (2019). Effects of an active warm-up on variation in bench press and back squat (upper and lower body measures). Chronobiol Int, 36(3), 392–406.
- Racinais, S., & Oksa, J. (2010). Temperature and neuromuscular function. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 20, 1–18.
- Racinais, Sébastien, Connes, P., Bishop, D., Blonc, S., & Hue, O. (2005). Morning versus evening power output and repeated‐sprint ability. Chronobiol Int, 22(6), 1029–1039.
- Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Farrelly, K., & Fairhurst, E. (2007). Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks specifically related to football (soccer). Chronobiol Int, 24(3), 507–519.
- Reilly, T., & Waterhouse, J. (2009). Sports performance: is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? Eur J Appl Physiol, 106(3), 321–332.
- Safran, M. R., Garrett, W. E., Seaber, A. V., Glisson, R. R., & Ribbeck, B. M. (1988). The role of warmup in muscular injury prevention. Am J Sports Med, 16(2), 123–129.
- Sanchez-Medina, L., Perez, C. E., & Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J. (2010). Importance of the Propulsive Phase in Strength Assessment. Int J Sports Med, 31(02), 123–129.
- Shephard, R. J. (1984). Sleep, Biorhythms and Human Performance. Sports Med, 1(1), 11–37.
- Slimani, M., Chaabene, H., Miarka, B., Franchini, E., Chamari, K., & Cheour, F. (2017). Kickboxing review: anthropometric, psychophysiological and activity profiles and injury epidemiology. Biol Sport, 2, 185–196.
- Souissi, N., Driss, T., Chamari, K., Vandewalle, H., Davenne, D., Gam, A., Fillard, J.-R., & Jousselin, E. (2010). Diurnal variation in Wingate test performances: influence of active warm-up. Chronobiol Int, 27(3), 640–652.
- Teo, W., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, M. J. (2011). The effects of circadian rhythmicity of salivary cortisol and testosterone on maximal isometric force, maximal dynamic force, and power output. J Strength Cond Res, 25(6), 1538–1545.
- Thun, E., Bjorvatn, B., Flo, E., Harris, A., & Pallesen, S. (2015). Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Med Rev, 23, 1–9.
- Tomaras, E. K., & MacIntosh, B. R. (2011). Less is more: standard warm-up causes fatigue and less warm-up permits greater cycling power output. J Appl Physiol, 111(1), 228–235.
- Valenzuela, P. L., McGuigan, M., Sánchez-Martínez, G., Torrontegi, E., Vázquez-Carrión, J., Montalvo, Z., Abad, C. C. C., Pereira, L. A., & Loturco, I. (2020). Reference power values for the jump squat exercise in elite athletes: A multicenter study. J Sports Sci, 38(19), 2273–2278.
- Waterhouse, J., Drust, B., Weinert, D., Edwards, B., Gregson, W., Atkinson, G., Kao, S., Aizawa, S., & Reilly, T. (2005). The circadian rhythm of core temperature: origin and some implications for exercise performance. Chronobiol Int, 22(2), 207–225.
- Zarrouk, N., Chtourou, H., Rebai, H., Hammouda, O., Souissi, N., Dogui, M., & Hug, F. (2012). Time of day effects on repeated sprint ability. Int J Sports Med, 33(12), 975–980.
- Zimmermann, H. B., MacIntosh, B. R., & Dal Pupo, J. (2020). Does postactivation potentiation (PAP) increase voluntary performance? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 45(4), 349–356.