The examination of the relationship between body composition and acceleration

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 106 - 114, 30.06.2023

İbrahim Halil Şahin , Ahmet Sanioğlu

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1295059

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of body composition on acceleration. A total of 63 men, who are recreationally active and part of different sports branches (soccer, judo, basketball, tennis, taekwondo, and athletics), participated in the research voluntarily. Some of the participants’ characteristics were measured respectively including mean age (20.52±1.635 years), mean body height (179.25±7.121 cm), mean body weight (72.44±10.066 kg), and mean sports age (6.90±3.125 years). Data were collected through using a 3-door photocell, a measuring tape, and a Skinfold caliper. When the results were examined, mean body mass index (BMI=22.498±2.217 kg/m2), mean skinfold measurements (SM=8.34±2.975 mm), mean body circumference measurements (BCM=71.76±4.581 cm), mean body fat % (19.277±4.731), mean 10 m acceleration (1.74±0.096 sec) and mean 15 m acceleration (2.40±0.171 sec). It was concluded that one unit change in body fat percentage (BF%) affects 10 m acceleration performance at the rate of 0.006, while one unit change in BF% affects 15 m acceleration performance at the rate of 0.01. It was observed that the SM affected the acceleration performance of 10 m at the rate of 0.008, while it affected the acceleration performance of 15 m at the rate of 0.017. Additionally, it was determined that BMI affects 15 m acceleration performance at the rate of 0.19. In addition, the body fat percentage explains the 10 m acceleration performance by 9.4% (p<0.05), while the 15 m acceleration performance explains 7.7% (p<0.05). While the skinfold thickness explains the acceleration performance of 10 m by 7.5% (p<0.05), it explains the acceleration performance of 15 m by 8.3% (p<0.05). It was determined that the body mass index explained the 15 m acceleration performance by 6.3% (p<0.05). In conclusion, body composition has been found to affect acceleration performance. Moreover, as the running distance increases, the effect level of body composition also increases.

Keywords

Acceleration, body fat percentage, body mass index

References

• Adalı, H. (2019). The effect of quickness training on positive acceleration in male soccer players. Master's Thesis, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
• Aktaş, H. N., & Aslan, C. S. (2018). The examination of relationship between body composition and velocıty on amateur soccer players. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Sport Sciences, 1(1), 17-25.
• Aktuğ, Z. B., Murathan, F., & Dündar, A. (2019). Investigation the effect of b-fit exercises on anthropometric characteristics of women. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(1), 1-10.
• Alves, J., Barrientos, G., Toro, V., Sánchez, E., Muñoz, D., & Maynar, M. (2021). Changes in anthropometric and performance parameters in high-level endurance athletes during a sports season. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(5), 2782.
• American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). (2009). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 6th Ed., Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Amonette, W. E., Brown, D., Dupler, T. L., Xu, J., Tufano, J. J,. & De Witt, J. K. (2014). Physical determinants of interval sprint times in youth soccer players. J Hum Kinet, 40(1), 113-120.
• Apaydın, N. , Çelik, M. E. , Bedir, H. & İnce, A. (2022). Is acceleration and sprint performance in 11-13 years old soccer players related to anthropometric characteristics? Journal of Sport Education, 6(3), 240-247.
• Arı, E., & Apaydın, N. (2022). The examination of anaerobic power and acceleration parameters of amateur soccer players according to some physical characteristics. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences, 11(3), 1191-1201.
• Atakan, M. M., Unver, E., Demirci, N., Bulut, S., & Turnagöl, H. H. (2017). Effect of body composition on fitness performance in young male football players. Turk J Sport Exerc, 19(1), 54-59.
• Bauer, P., Matłosz, P., Hume, P., Mitter, B., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., & Makivic, B. (2022). Relative body fat of competitive volleyball players estimated from skinfold thickness measurements–a systematic review. Proceedings of the XVII World Conference on Kinanthropometry (ISAK-UA 2022, pp. 52), Spain.
• Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., O‟donoghue, P., & Mcnaughton, L. (2007). Effective speed and agility conditioning methodology for random ıntermittent dynamic type sports. J Strength Cond Res, 21(4), 1093–100.
• Bonilla, D. A., De León, L. G., Alexander-Cortez, P., Odriozola-Martínez, A., Herrera-Amante, C. A., Vargas-Molina, S., & Petro, J. L. (2022). Simple anthropometry-based calculations to monitor body composition in athletes: Scoping review and reference values. Nutr Health, 28(1), 95-109.
• Brechue, W. F., Mayhew, J. L., & Piper, F. C. (2010). Characteristics of sprint performance in college football players. J Strength Cond Res, 24(5), 1169-1178.
• Can, E., Kutlay, E., Quintana, M. S., & Bridge, C. A. (2023). Anthropometric characteristics of elite male taekwondo athletes according to weight category and performance level. Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance, 2(1), 16-27.
• Cherif, M., Said, M. A., Bannour, K., Alhumaid, M. M., Chaifa, M. B., Khammassi, M., & Aouidet, A. (2022). Anthropometry, body composition, and athletic performance in specific field tests in Paralympic athletes with different disabilities. Heliyon, 8(3), e09023.
• Cochrane, D. J., Legg, S. J., & Hooker, M. J. (2004). The short-term effect of whole-body vibration training on vertical jump, sprint, and agility performance. J Strength Cond Res, 18(4), 828–832.
• Çelik, S., Örer, G. E., Diler, K., & Yelken, M. E (2022). The relationship between body fat percentage with vertical jump and sprint performances of football players. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 27(4), 313-332.
• Damayanti, C., & Adriani, M. (2021). Correlation between percentage of body fat with speed and cardiorespiratory endurance among futsal athletes in Surabaya. Media Gizi Indonesia (National Nutrition Journal), 16(1), 53–61.
• Deurenberg, P., Yap, M., & Van Staveren, W. A. (1998). Body mass index and percent body fat: A meta analysis among different ethnic groups. Int J Obes, 22(12), 1164-1171.
• Durnin, J. V., & Womersley, J. (1974). Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr, 32(1), 77-97.
• Engels, H. J., Currie, J. S., Lueck, C. C., & Wirth, J. C. (2002). Bench/step training with and without extremity loading: Effects on muscular fitness, body composition profile, and psychological affect. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 42, 71-78.
• Gomes, A. C., Landers, G. J., Binnie, M. J., Goods, P. S., Fulton, S. K., & Ackland, T. R. (2020). Body composition assessment in athletes: Comparison of a novel ultrasound technique to traditional skinfold measures and criterion DXA measure. J Sci Med Sport, 23(11), 1006-1010.
• Ladwig, E., Shim, A. L., Yom, J. P., Cross, P., & Beebe, J. (2013). Preseason and post season body composition does not change relative to playing time in division I female basketball players. Int J Exerc Sci, 6(3), 208-216.
• Little, T., & Williams, A. G. (2005). Specificity of acceleration, maximum speed, and agility in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 19(1), 76-78.
• Lukaski, H. C. (2003). Regional bioelectrical impedance analysis: Applications in health and medicine. Acta Diabetol, 40, (Suppl 1), s196–s199.
• Mahan, L. K., Escott-Stump, S., Raymond, J. L., & Krause, M. V. (2012). Krause's food & nutrition therapy. St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier/Saunders.
• Mcleod, W. D., Hunter, S. C., & Etchison, B. (1983). Performance measurement and percent body fat in the high school athlete. Am J Sports Med, 11(6), 390-397.
• Mollaoğlu, H., Üçok, K., Akgün, L., & Baş, O. (2006). Comparison of body fat percentage measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric methods. The Medical Journal of Kocatepe, 7(2), 27-31.
• Murphy, A. J., Lockie, R. G., & Coutts, A. J. (2003). Kinematic determinants of early acceleration in field sport athletes. J Sport Sci Med, 2(4), 144-150.
• Nagahara, R., Matsubayashi, T., Matsuo, A., & Zushi, K. (2014). Kinematics of transition during human accelerated sprinting. Biol Open, 3(8), 689-699.
• Nikolaidis, P. T., Ingebrigtsen, J., & Jeffreys, I. (2015). The effects of anthropometry and leg muscle power on drive and transition phase of acceleration: a longitudinal study on young soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 56, 1156-1162.
• Özkan, A., Köklü, Y., & Ersöz, G. (2010). Anaerobik performans ve ölçüm yöntemleri [Anaerobic performance and measurement methods]. Ankara: Gazi Publishing House.
• Paton, C. D., Hopkins, W. G., & Vollebregt, L. (2001). Little effect of caffeine ingestion on repeated sprints in team-sport athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(5), 822-825.
• Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. J Sports Sci, 24(9), 919-932.
• Silvestre, R., Kraemer, W. J., West, C., Judelson, D. A., Spiering, B. A., Vingren, J. L., ... & Maresh, C. M. (2006a). Body composition and physical performance during a national collegiate athletic association Division I men's soccer season. J Strength Cond Res, 20(4), 962-970.
• Silvestre, R., West, C., Maresh, C. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2006b). Body composition and physical performance in men's soccer: A study of a national collegiate athletic association division I team. J Strength Cond Res, 20(1), 177-183.
• Siri, W. E. (1956). The gross composition of the body. Adv Biol Med Phys, 4, 239–280.
• Sun, S. S., Chumlea, W. C., Heymsfield, S. B., Lukaski, H. C., Schoeller, D., Friedl, K., & Hubbard, V. S. (2003). Development of bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations for body composition with the use of a multicomponent model for use in epidemiologic surveys. Am J Clin Nutr, 77(2), 331-340.
• Toro-Román, V., Siquier-Coll, J., Bartolomé, I., Grijota, F. J., Maynar, M., & Muñoz, D. (2021). Relationship between body composition and velocity, acceleration and changes of directions tests in university students. Journal of Sport & Health Research, 13(1), 67-78.
• Woolford, S. J., Sidell, M., Li, X., Else, V., Young, D. R., Resnicow, K., & Koebnick, C. (2021). Changes in body mass index among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA, 326(14), 1434-1436.
• Yang, M., Meng, D., & Mejarito, C. L. (2023). Recovery methods for athletes during high-intensity training. Rev Bras Med Esporte, 29, – e2022_0649.