Effects of a 12-week aerobic dance programme on diastolic blood pressure in stage one hypertensive adults

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 232 - 240

Loyce Nahwera , Edwin Kiptolo Boit Constance Adron Nakayiza Nsibambi Mshilla Maghanga Lucy-joy Wachira

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1520577

Abstract

Hypertension which impacts over 1.5 billion people globally is a crucial health challenge accountable for more than 10.8 million early deaths yearly. Our study used an experimental design to investigate the effects of aerobic dance programme on diastolic blood pressure levels in stage one hypertensive adults over a 12-week period. The study participants were randomly allocated into either the experimental or control groups. Diastolic blood pressure measurements were collected using a mercury sphygmomanometer at baseline and post programme. The 12-week aerobic dance programme entailed three 45-minute sessions per week, at a moderate intensity. The paired samples t-test was used to compare mean differences within the groups with the significance level set at P<0.05. Findings showed that mean diastolic blood pressure of participants in the experimental group was 93.11±3.708 mmHg and 91.61±4.340 mmHg at baseline and post programme while that of the control group was 92.39±3.032 mmHg and 92.06±6.655 mmHg respectively. This implies that there was a marginal reduction of -1.50 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure of the experimental group while the control group remained relatively constant at -0.33mmHg after the programme. Paired sample t-test results confirmed no statistically significant effects (t(17)=1.129, p=.275) for experimental group as well as the control group (t(17)=.257, p=.800). This study concluded that participating in an aerobic dance programme at a moderate intensity for 12 weeks did not statistically significantly reduce diastolic blood pressure of adults with stage one hypertension. Future studies on this population should investigate additional influencing factors and varying training intensity to assess any other effects.

Keywords

Aerobic dance, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, stage one hypertensive adults

Ethical Statement

This study obtained ethical approval from the institute review board of St Mary’s Hospital Lacor in Gulu City in Uganda, reference number: LHIREC NO: 0196/12/2021. The study also obtained approval from the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology with registration number HS2202ES. The study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association’s code of Ethics. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection.

References

• Almutawa, A. M., Al-Shelash, A. A., Al-Gazlan, B. M., Al-Sallali, R. M., Al-Marzougi, R. A., & Al-Sowayan, N. S. (2020). The effects of different quality of exercise on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy female. Health, 12(04), 425-435.
• Armstrong-Hough, M., Kishore, S. P., Byakika, S., Mutungi, G., Nunez-Smith, M., & Schwartz, J. I. (2018). Disparities in availability of essential medicines to treat non-communicable diseases in Uganda: A poisson analysis using the service availability and readiness assessment. PLoS One, 13(2), e0192332.
• Ataklte, F., Erqou, S., Kaptoge, S., Taye, B., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., & Kengne, A. P. (2015). Burden of undiagnosed hypertension in sub-saharan africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension, 65(2), 291-298.
• Baffour-Awuah, B., Man, M., Goessler, K. F., Cornelissen, V. A., Dieberg, G., Smart, N. A., & Pearson, M. J. (2024). Effect of exercise training on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: a meta–analysis. J Hum Hypertens, 38(2), 89-101.
• Bausell, R. B., & Li, Y. (2002). Power Analysis for experimental Research. A practical guide for the Biological, Medical and Social Sciences. (Issue september 2016). Cambridge University Press.
• Bosu, W. K., Reilly, S. T., Aheto, J. M. K., & Zucchelli, E. (2019). Hypertension in older adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 14(4), e0214934.
• Canoy, D., Nazarzadeh, M., Copland, E., Bidel, Z., Rao, S., Li, Y., & Rahimi, K. (2022). How much lowering of blood pressure is required to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with and without previous cardiovascular disease? Curr Cardiol Rep, 24(7), 851-860.
• Charchar, F. J., Prestes, P. R., Mills, C., Ching, S. M., Neupane, D., Marques, F. Z., Sharman, J. E., Vogt, L., Burrell, L. M., Korostovtseva, L., Zec, M., Patil, M., Schultz, M. G., Wallen, M. P., Renna, N. F., Islam, S. M. S., Hiremath, S., Gyeltshen, T., Chia, Y. C., … Tomaszewski, M. (2024). Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens, 42(1), 23-49.
• Conceição, L. S. R., Neto, M. G., do Amaral, M. A. S., Martins-Filho, P. R. S., & Carvalho, V. O. (2016). Effect of dance therapy on blood pressure and exercise capacity of individuals with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol, 220, 553–557.
• Cornelissen, V. A., & Smart, N. A. (2013). Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc, 2(1), 1-9.
• Daimo, M., Mandal, S., Mahmud, M., & Mathivanan, D. (2020). Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in men with hypertension: A randomized controlled study. Turk J Kinesiol, 6(1), 32-39.
• Daniel, J. A., Nwaogu, E. I., Okoli, S. C., & Nzeribe, E. A. (2019). Acute effect of aerobic dance exercise on blood pressure of normotensive pregnant Nigerian women. Int Res J Med Med Sci, 7(1), 28-33.
• de Luna, T. A., Rezende, D. A. N., de Brito, L. C., Fecchio, R. Y., Lima, F. R., de Sá Pinto, A. L., de Medeiros Ribeiro, A. C., Bonfiglioli, K. R., Gualano, B., Roschel, H., & Peçanha, T. (2024). A single session of aerobic exercise reduces systolic blood pressure at rest and in response to stress in women with rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension. J Hum Hypertens, 38(2), 168-176.
• Edwards, J. J., Deenmamode, A. H. P., Griffiths, M., Arnold, O., Cooper, N. J., Wiles, J. D., O'Driscoll, J. M. (2023). Exercise training and resting blood pressure: a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med, 57(20), 1317-1326.
• Ettehad, D., Emdin, C. A., Kiran, A., Anderson, S. G., Callender, T., Emberson, J., Chalmers, J., Rodgers, A., & Rahimi, K. (2016). Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 387(10022), 957-967.
• Forouzanfar, M. H., Liu, P., Roth, G. A., Ng, M., Biryukov, S., Marczak, L., Alexander, L., Estep, K., Abate, K. H., Akinyemiju, T. F., Ali, R., Alvis-Guzman, N., Azzopardi, P., Banerjee, A., Bärnighausen, T., Basu, A., Bekele, T., Bennett, D. A., Biadgilign, S., … Murray, C. J. L. (2017). Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115mmHg, 1990-2015. JAMA-J Am Med Assoc, 317(2), 165-182.
• Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285-292.
• Gao, W., Lv, M., & Huang, T. (2023). Effects of different types of exercise on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 11, 1194124.
• GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 396(10258), 1223-1249.
• Gronek, P., Wielinski, D., Cyganski, P., Rynkiewicz, A., Zajac, A., Maszczyk, A., Gronek, J., Podstawski, R., Czarny, W., Balko, S., Clark, C. C. T., & Celka, R. (2020). A review of exercise as medicine in cardiovascular disease: Pathology and mechanism. Aging Dis, 11(2), 327-340.
• Gunjal, S., Shinde, N., Atharuddin Kazi, & Khatri, S. (2013). Effects of interval training on blood pressure and endothelial function in hypertensive patients. Int J Pharm Sci Invent, 2(6), 27-31.
• Guwatudde, D., Mutungi, G., Wesonga, R., Kajjura, R., Kasule, H., Muwonge, J., Ssenono, V., & Bahendeka, S. K. (2015). The epidemiology of hypertension in Uganda: Findings from the national non-communicable diseases risk factor survey. PLoS One, 10(9), e0138991.
• Kazeminia, M., Daneshkhah, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Salari, N., & Mohammadi, M. (2020). The effect of exercise on the older adult’s blood pressure suffering hypertension: Systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical trial studies. Int J Hypertens, 2020, 2786120.
• Lee, C. K., Lee, J. H., & Ha, M. S. (2022). Comparison of the effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise on the autonomic nervous system in middle-aged women: A randomized controlled study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(15), 9156.
• Legese, N., & Tadiwos, Y. (2020). Epidemiology of hypertension in ethiopia: A systematic review. Integr Blood Press C, 13, 135-143.
• Lunyera, J., Kirenga, B., Stanifer, J. W., Kasozi, S., Van Der Molen, T., Katagira, W., Kamya, M. R., & Kalyesubula, R. (2018). Geographic differences in the prevalence of hypertension in Uganda: Results of a national epidemiological study. PLoS One, 13(8), e0201001.
• Lwabi, P. (2018, November 5). Blood pressure, cancer drug prices inflated. Monitor. https://www.monitor.co.ug/ uganda/news/national/blood-pressure-cancer-drug-prices-inflated-heart-institute-1787994
• Maruf, F. A., Akinpelu, A. O., Salako, B. L., & Akinyemi, J. O. (2016). Effects of aerobic dance training on blood pressure in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension on two antihypertensive drugs: A randomized clinical trial. J Am Soc Hypertens, 10(4), 336–345.
• Mills, K. T., Bundy, J. D., Kelly, T. N., Reed, J. E., Kearney, P. M., Reynolds, K., Chen, J., & He, J. (2016). Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control. Circulation, 134(6), 441-450.
• Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei, M., Bagheri, B., & Dehghani, A. (2020). Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and related factors in adult Iranian population. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-10.
• Ntiyani, N., Letamo, G., & Keetile, M. (2022). Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension, diabetes, stroke and heart attack multimorbidity in Botswana: Evidence from STEPS 2014 survey. PLoS One, 17(3), e0265722.
• Okello, S., Muhihi, A., Mohamed, S. F., Ameh, S., Ochimana, C., Oluwasanu, A. O., Bolarinwa, O. A., Sewankambo, N., & Danaei, G. (2020). Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control and predicted 10-year CVD risk: a cross-sectional study of seven communities in East and West Africa (SevenCEWA). BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-13.
• Oleribe, O. O., Momoh, J., Uzochukwu, B. S. C., Mbofana, F., Adebiyi, A., Barbera, T., Williams, R., & Taylor-Robinson, S. D. (2019). Identifying key challenges facing healthcare systems in Africa and potential solutions. Int J Gen Med, 12, 395-403.
• Paoli, A., Pacelli, Q. F., Moro, T., Marcolin, G., Neri, M., Battaglia, G., Sergi, G., Bolzetta, F., & Bianco, A. (2013). Effects of high-intensity circuit training, low-intensity circuit training and endurance training on blood pressure and lipoproteins in middle-aged overweight men. Lipids Health Dis, 12, 131.
• Pedralli, M. ., Waclawovsky, G., & Am, L. (2016). Impact of exercise training on blood pressure and endothelial function in individuals with systemic hypertension. Austin Sports Med, 1(2), 1006.
• Schutte, A. E., Jafar, T. H., Poulter, N. R., Damasceno, A., Khan, N. A., Nilsson, P. M., … Tomaszewski, M. (2023). Addressing global disparities in blood pressure control: Perspectives of the International Society of Hypertension. Cardiovasc Res, 119(2), 381-409.
• Tanaka, H. (2019). Antiaging effects of aerobic exercise on systemic arteries. Hypertension, 74(2), 237-243. Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., … Hundley, J. (2018). 2017 ACC/ AHA/ AAPA/ ABC/ ACPM/ AGS/ APhA/ASH/ ASPC/ NMA/ PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension, 71(6), e13-e115.
• Zhu, Z., Yan, W., Yu, Q., Wu, P., Bigambo, F. M., & Chen, J. (2022). Association between exercise and blood pressure in hypertensive residents: A meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022, 2453805.