Deney Hayvanlarında Testis’in Fonksiyonel Anatomisi Ve Embriyolojisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 26 - 33, 03.09.2021

İsmail Türkmenoğlu Saliha Abacıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.893864

Cited By: 1

Öz

Testis ekzokrin ve endokrin fonksiyonları sayesinde hem spermatoozon üretimi, hem de testosteron hormonu salgılanmasından sorumludur. Testis kendisini vücut sıcaklığından birkaç derece düşük ısıda tutan scrotum adı verilen keselerde yer alır. Testisler deney hayvanlarında doğum sonrası scrotuma inerler. Hatta rat ve farelerde yaşamları boyunca karın boşluğu ile scrotum arasında giderler. Scrotum fare ve ratlarda preputium ve anus arasında bulunurken, tavşanda iki bacak arasında ve penisin iki yanında, kobayda ise tavşandaki yerine benzer şekilde ancak daha önde bulunur. Histolojik olarak baktığımızda en dışta tunica albuginea tabakası bulunur ve bu tabaka merkeze doğru yaptığı duvar yapıları (septula testis) ile testisi lopçuklara ayırır. Bu lopçuklar tubuli seminiferi adı verilen kıvrımlı kanallar ve bu kanalların arasını dolduran gevşek bağ dokudan (interstitium) oluşmaktadır. Tubuli seminiferi’ler iç kısmı destek fonksiyonlarını yerine getiren Sertoli hücreleri ile spermatogenetik hücrelerin oluşturduğu germinal epitel ile kaplıdır. İnterstitial doku ise barındırdığı Leydig hücreleri sayesinde androjen üretiminden sorumludur. Primitif bir gem hücresi olan spermatogonium’un olgun bir spermatozoon’a dönüşmesi Spermatogenesis ve Spermiogenesis aşamalarından oluşur. Spermatogenesis Mitoz ve Mayoz evrelerinden oluşur ve bu aşama sonunda spermatid ortaya çıkar. Spermiogenesis aşamasında ise spermatid’ler golgi, cap, akrozom ve matürasyon fazlarından geçerek olgun spermatozoon olarak tubuli seminiferi lümenine salınırlar. Testise ait tüm bu fonksiyonların ve deney hayvanlarının testislerinin özelliklerinin anlaşılmasının bu alanda çalışma yapacak araştırmacılar için faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anatomi, deney hayvanı, embriyoloji, fonksiyon, testis

Functional Anatomy and Embryology of Testis in Experimental Animals

Öz

The testis performs exocrine and endocrine functions and is responsible for both the production of spermatoozone and the secretion of testosterone hormone. The testicle is located in sacs called the scrotum, which keeps itself at a temperature a few degrees below body temperature. Testicles descend into the scrotum after birth in experimental animals. Even in rats and mice, they go between the abdominal cavity and scrotum throughout their lives. While the scrotum is located between the preputium and anus in mice and rats, it is located between the two legs of the rabbit and on both sides of the penis, and in the guinea pig, its location is similar to the rabbit but more in front. When we look histologically, there is the outer tunica albuginea layer and this layer separates the testicle into lobules thanks to the wall structures (septula testis) it creates towards the center. These lobules consist of curved canals called tubuli seminiferous and loose connective tissue (interstitium) filling between these channels. The inner part of Tubuli seminaries is covered with germinal epithelium formed by Sertoli cells and spermatogenetic cells that perform support functions. Interstitial tissue is responsible for androgen production thanks to the Leydig cells it contains. The transformation of spermatogonium, which is a primitive gem cell, into a mature spermatozoon consists of the stages of Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis. Spermatogenesis consists of the stages of Mitosis and Meiosis and at the end of this stage, the spermatid emerges. In the spermiogenesis phase, spermatids pass through the Golgi, cap, acrosome, and maturation phases and are released into the lumen of the tubuli seminiferous as mature spermatozoa. We think that understanding all these functions of testes and the properties of testicles of experimental animals will be useful for researchers who will work in this field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anatomy, experimental animal, embriyology, function, testis

Kaynakça

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