Bitki Fungal Hastalıklarıyla Biyolojik Savaşta Trichoderma’lar

Öz

Tarımda kullanılan kimyasal pestisidlerin neden olduğu çevre kirliliği ve kalıntı sorunları gibi nedenlerden dolayı, bitki hastalıklarıyla mücadelede alternatif yöntemlerin bulunması bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Biyolojik mücadele kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olarak geliştirilmiştir. Trichoderma’lar biyolojik mücadelede en çok kullanılan antagonistler olarak bilinmektedir. Doğada hemen hemen tüm toprak ve doğal habitatlarda ve özellikle organik madde içeren alanlarda bulunmaktadır. Bitki patojenlerine karşı mikoparazitizm, antibiyotik üretimi, yer-besin için yarışma ve bitkide gelişimi teşvik etme şeklindeki mekanizmaları kullanmaktadır. Günümüzde üzerinde en fazla araştırma yapılan konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte çok sayıda ticari preparat geliştirilip, bitki patolenlerine karşı kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede, Trichoderma’nın bitki hastalıklarıyla mücadeledeki önemi, antagonistik özellikleri, etki mekanizmaları üzerinde durulmuş ve bu konu ile ilgili Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da yapılan bazı çalışmalardan örnekler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik mücadele,bitki patojenleri,Trichoderma spp

Öz

Chemical pectisides used in agricultural cause both environmental pollution and pectiside residues. So there is a necessity of alternative methods in the struggle against plant diseases. Biological control has been developed as an alternative to chemical control and used increasingly in recent years. Trichoderma is known as the most widely used antagonists in biological control and has almost all the land and natural habitats in nature especially in areas containing organic substance. The advantages for the associated plant include the suppression of pathogens by using a variety of mechanisms (i.e., antibiosis, parasitism, competition for nutrients, etc.), the promotion of plant growth and the improvement of host resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, scientists have made most research on this topic and developed many commercial products to be applied against plant pathogens. In this article, It is highlighted the importance of Trichoderma against plant diseases and how to use mechanisms of action. Also some scientific article reviewed both in Turkey and in the World and given some example related to this topic

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biological control,plant pathogens,Trichoderma spp

Kaynakça

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