Inoculation Techniques for Assessing Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani on Pepper Seedlings

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 28.02.2018

İnci Güler Güney , Ertuğrul Güldür

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.310211

Cited By: 4

Öz

In this study, surveys were carried out during 2015
and 2016 for wilt and root rot diseases
caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani in pepper fields in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Mardin
and Şanlıurfa provinces of Turkey. The purpose of this study was to evaluate
the effects of different inoculation
methods (root dip, soil infestation with wheat bran and soil infestation with
rice grain) on pathogenicities of R.
solani, M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum and F. solani on pepper seedlings. Inoculated pepper seedlings (cv.
İnan-3363) were left to grow for three months after transplanting under growth
chamber conditions. Inoculation of infective rice-grain was used to test
pathogenicity of all four fungi. Root dip inoculation method
was used for F.
solani and F.
oxysporum when the soil was infested with
wheat bran method for R. solani and M.
phaseolina inoculation. All tested isolates resulted in the stem and root
rot, leaf chlorosis and bruising. To test the pathogenicity of fungi, soil
infestation with rice grain inoculation was the most suitable method. All
tested fungi induced similar foliar
symptoms, root rot severity and caused a similar reduction in dry root weights
when rice-grain inoculum was used. With other inoculation methods, all
pathogens similarly affected root rot severity. Whereas, F. oxysporum was the least virulent pathogen among tested fungi
affecting foliar symptom severity; for fresh
root and plant weights, and dry root and plant weights; R. solani, M. phaseolina and F. solani were similarly virulent when
these parameters were used. The results of the present study may have a useful connotation to monitor pepper seedlings
against these pathogens. In conclusion,
we recommend rice-grain inoculation to test pathogenicities of R. solani, M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum and F. solanion various pepper
cultivars.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pathogenicity, soil-borne pathogens, pepper

Inoculation Techniques for Assessing Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani on Pepper Seedlings

Öz

In this study, surveys were carried out during 2015 and 2016 for wilt and root rot diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani in pepper fields in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Mardin and Şanlıurfa provinces of Turkey. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different inoculation methods (root dip, soil infestation with wheat bran and soil infestation with rice grain) on pathogenicities of R. solani, M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum and F. solani on pepper seedlings. Inoculated pepper seedlings (cv. İnan-3363) were left to grow for three months after transplanting under growth chamber conditions. Inoculation of infective rice-grain was used to test pathogenicity of all four fungi. Root dip inoculation method was used for F. solani and F. oxysporum when the soil was infested with wheat bran method for R. solani and M. phaseolina inoculation. All tested isolates resulted in the stem and root rot, leaf chlorosis and bruising. To test the pathogenicity of fungi, soil infestation with rice grain inoculation was the most suitable method. All tested fungi induced similar foliar symptoms, root rot severity and caused a similar reduction in dry root weights when rice-grain inoculum was used. With other inoculation methods, all pathogens similarly affected root rot severity. Whereas, F. oxysporum was the least virulent pathogen among tested fungi affecting foliar symptom severity; for fresh root and plant weights, and dry root and plant weights; R. solani, M. phaseolina and F. solani were similarly virulent when these parameters were used. The results of the present study may have a useful connotation to monitor pepper seedlings against these pathogens. In conclusion, we recommend rice-grain inoculation to test pathogenicities of R. solani, M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum and F. solanion various pepper cultivars. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pathogenicity, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina

Kaynakça

• Abada, K.A., Ahmed, M.A., 2014. Management Fusarium wilt of sweet pepper by Bacillus strains. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(6-2): 19-25.
• Abawi, G.S., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., 1990. Root rots of beans in Latin America and Africa: diagnosis, research methodologies and management strategies, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, pp. 114.
• Abdel-Monaim, M.F., 2013. Improvement of biocontrol of damping-off and root rot/wilt of Faba Bean by salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Mycobiology, 41(1): 47-55.
• Akram, W., Mahboob, A., Javel, A.A., 2013. Bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 can induce systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 3(4): 275-280.
• Aly, A.A., Abdel-Sattar, M.A., Omar, M.R., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., 2007. Differential interaction between isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina and Egyptian cotton cultivars. Global Science Books, Pest Technology, 1(2): 127-132.
• Amatulli, M.T., Spadaro, D.M., Gullino, L., Garibaldi, A., 2010. Molecular identification of Fusarium spp. associated with bakanae disease of rice in Italy and assessment of their pathogenicity. Plant Pathology, 59(5): 839-844.
• Amusa, N.A., Okechukwu, R.U., Akinfenwa, B., 2007. Reactions of cowpea to infection by Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from leguminous plants in Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(3): 073-075.
• Anonymous, 2012. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
• Aoyagi, T., Kageyama, K., Hyakumachi, M., 1998. Characterization and survival of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 LP associated with large patch disease of zoysia grass. Plant Disease, 82(8): 857-863.
• Beckman, C.H., 1987. The Nature of Wilt Diseases of Plants. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
• Benson, D.M, Hinesley, L.E., Frampton, J., Parker, K.C., 1997. Evaluation of six Abies spp. to Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases, 13: 57.
• Bowers, J.H., Locke, J.C., 2000. Effect of botanical extracts on the population density of fusarium oxysporum in soil and control of fusarium wilt in the greenhouse. Plant Disease, 84(3): 300-305.
• Chehri, K., Maghsoudlou, E., Asemani, M., Mirzaei, M.R., 2011. Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with head blight of wheat in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(5): 2607-2611.
• Chidambaran, P., Mathur, S.B., 1975. Production of pycnidia by Macrophomina phaseolina. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 64(1): 165-168.
• Coleman, J.J., 2016. The Fusarium solani species complex: Ubiquitous pathogens of agricultural importance. Molecular Plant Pathology, 17(2): 146-158.
• Das, I.K., Fakrudin, B., Arora, D.K., 2008. RAPD cluster analysis and chlorate sensitivity of some Indian isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina from sorghum and their relationships with pathogenicity. Microbiological Research, 163(2): 215-224.
• Dhingra, O.D., Sinclair, J.B., 1977. An annotated biblography of Macrophomina phaseolina 1905-1975. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil, pp. 244.
• Dhingra, O.D., Sinclair, J. B., 1978. Biology and pathology of Macrophomina phaseolina. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, pp. 166.
• Dubey, S.C., Singh, S.R., 2008. Virulence analysis and oligonucleotide fingerprinting to detect genetic diversity among Indian isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing chickpea wilt. Mycopathologia, 165(6): 389-406.
• Eken, C., Demirci, E., 2003. Identification and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups isolated from forage legumes in Erzurum, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 31(1): 1-5.
• Farr, D.F., Bills, G.F., Chamuris, G.P., Rossman, A.Y., 1989. Fungi on plants and products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society (APS) Press, St. Paul (Minnesota).
• Hane, J.K., Anderson, J.P., Williams, A.H., Sperschneider, J., Singh, K.B., 2014. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of the broad host-range pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8. Plos Genetics, 10(5): 1-16.
• Herman, R., Perl-Treves, R., 2007. Characterization and inheritance of a new source of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Race 1.2 in Cucumis melo. Plant Disease, 91(9): 1180-1186.
• Holmes, K.A., Benson, D.M., 1994. Evaluation of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae for biocontrol of Phytophthora-parasitica on Catharanthus roseus. Plant Disease, 78(2): 193-199.
• Karimi, R., Owuoche, J.O., Silim, S.N., 2010. Inheritance of Fusarium wilt resistance in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 70(3): 271-276.
• Liu, L., Kloepper, J.W., Tuzun, S., 1995. Induction of systemic resistance in cucumber against Fusarium wilt by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Phytopathology, 85(6): 695-698.
• Mahmoud, A.F.A., Abo-Elyousr, K.A.M., 2014. Genetic diversity and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani associated with root rot of soybean in assiut governorate, Egypt. Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology, 2(4), 5p.
• Meinhardt, L.W., Wulff, N.A., Bellato, C.M., Tsai, S.M., 2002. Genetic analyses of Rhizoctonia solani isolates from Phaseolus vulgaris grown in the atlantic rainforest region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 27(3): 259-267.
• Mikhail, M.S., Sabet, K.K., Omar, M.R., Hussein, E.M., Kasem, Kh.K., 2009. Pathogenicity and protein electrophoresis of different cotton Rhizoctonia solani isolates. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 37(1): 21-33.
• Mushtaq, M., Hashmi, M.H., 1997. Fungi associated with wilt disease of Capsicum in Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 29(2): 217-222.
• Nandhini, S., Sendhilvel, V., Babu, S., 2012. Endophytic bacteria from tomato and their efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, the wilt pathogen. Journal of Biopesticides, 5(2): 178-185.
• Nirmaladevi, D., Srinivas, C., 2012. Morphological, and pathogenicity variation in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing wilt of tomato. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 2(1): 1-16.
• Papavizas, G.C., 1977. Some factors affecting survival of sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 9(5): 337-341.
• Prasad, J., Gaur, V.K., Mehta, S., 2014. Pathogenicity and characterization of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Inciting wet root rot in chickpea. The Journal of Rural and Agricultural Research, 14(1): 12-14.
• Reuveni, R., Nachmias, A., Krikun, J., 1983. The role of seed-borne inoculum on the development of Macrophomina phaseolina on melon. Plant Disease, 67(3): 280-281.
• Romberg, M.K., Davis, R.M., 2007. Host range and phylogeny of Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii from potato and tomato in California. Plant Disease, 91(5): 585-592.
• Scandiani, M.M., Ruberti, D.S., Giorda, L.M., Pioli, R.N., Luque, A.G., Bottai, H., Ivancovich, J.J., Aoki, T., O’Donnell, K., 2011. Comparison of inoculation methods for characterizing relative aggressiveness of two soybean sudden-death syndrome pathogens, Fusarium virguliforme and F. tucumaniae. Tropical Plant Pathology, 36(3): 133-140.
• Shi, J.R., Wang, Y.Z., Chen, H.G., Shen, S.W., 2000. Screening techniques and evaluation of wheat resistance to sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 27(1): 107-112.
• Sneh, B., 1991. Identification of Rhizoctonia species, APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.
• Tjamos, E.C., Beckman, C.H., 1989. Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants: Basic Studies and Control. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 175-196.
• Velásquez, V.R., Medina, A.M.M., Luna, R.J.J., 2001. Sintomatología y géne-ros de patógenos asociados con las pudriciones de la raíz del chile (Capsicum annuum L.) en el norte centro de México. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, 19: 175-181.
• Wang, L., Liu, L.M., Hou, Y.X., Li, L., Huang, S.W., 2015. Pathotypic and genetic diversity in the population of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA causing rice sheath blight in China. Plant Pathology, 64(3): 718-728.
• Wheeler, H., 1975. Plant Pathogenesis. Academic press, London, UK.
• Zhang, X.Y., Yu, X.X., Yu, Z., Xue, Y.F., Qi, L.P., 2014. A simple method based on laboratory inoculum and field inoculum for evaluating potato resistance to black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Breeding Science, 64(2): 156-163.