A Case Study of the Impact of University Establishment on Urbanization in Turkey's Medium-Sized City of Osmaniye

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 11, 30.06.2024

Ceren Yağcı , Dilşah Erkek , Fatih İşcan

https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1394585

Öz

The rapid increase in the urban population increases the space requirement of the cities and this situation causes the growth of them. As cities grow, problems such as agricultural lands, irregular settlements and destruction of natural areas arise. City managers respond to these problems with various political solutions and new technologies. Developments in computer technology are very important in analyzing the rapid changes in land use and ensuring sustainable and planned land use. In this study, the change in land cover/ use during the process of the establishment of Osmaniye Korkut Ata University in the province of Osmaniye is examined. This situation revealed that the most important dynamic that accelerates urbanization in the region is the university. The study area is Osmaniye city center and the land use change according to years in the university region (Fakıuşağı district) has been discussed. For this purpose, a pixel-based controlled classification technique was applied to satellite images of 1999 - 2009 - 2019. The city areas triggered by the university and the amount of changing land cover in the province of Osmaniye were revealed spatially and spatially with the help of satellite images of each year. It was observed that the settlement class in both Osmaniye and Fakıuşağı districts has increased considerably. While the settlement class in Osmaniye province increased 2.5 times from 1999 to 2019, the increase in Fakıuşağı district increased approximately 10 times from 1999 to 2019. It has been observed that the establishment of the university, apart from the natural population increase, increased the migration to the city and led to the opening of new zoning areas in the determined 20-year period. In this process, it has been concluded that while settlements have expanded, agricultural lands have decreased, and pastures and forests have been destructed in recent years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Land Cover / Use, Urban Growth, Medium-Sized City, Change Detection

Türkiye'nin Orta Ölçekli Kenti Osmaniye'de Üniversite Kuruluşunun Kentleşmeye Etkisi Üzerine Bir Vaka Çalışması

Öz

Kent nüfusundaki hızlı artış, kentlerin alan kullanım ihtiyacını artırmakta ve bu durum kentlerin büyümesine neden olmaktadır. Kentler büyüdükçe, tarım arazileri, düzensiz yapılaşmalar ve doğal alanların tahrip edilmesi gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kent yöneticileri, bu sorunlara çeşitli politik çözümler ve yeni teknolojilerle karşılık vermektedir. Bilgisayar teknolojisinde yaşanan gelişmeler arazi kullanımındaki hızlı değişimleri analiz etmek, sürdürülebilir ve planlı arazi kullanımını sağlamak açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Osmaniye iline Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi’nin kurulmasıyla yaşanan süreçte arazi örtüsü/kullanımındaki değişimi incelenmektedir. Bu durum bölgede, kentleşmeyi hızlandıran en önemli dinamiğin üniversite olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma alanı Osmaniye il merkezi olarak ve üniversite bölgesi özelinde (Fakıuşağı Mahallesi) yıllara göre arazi kullanımı değişimi ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla 1999- 2009- 2019 yıllarına ait uydu görüntülerine piksel tabanlı kontrollü sınıflandırma tekniği uygulanmıştır. Belirlenen her yıla ait uydu görüntüleri yardımıyla Osmaniye ilinde, üniversitenin tetiklediği kent alanları ve değişen arazi örtüsü miktarı alansal ve konumsal olarak ortaya konmuştur. Hem Osmaniye hem de Fakıuşağı Mahallesi’ndeki yerleşim sınıfının oldukça arttığı gözlenmiştir. Osmaniye İl’indeki yerleşim sınıfı 1999 yılından 2019 yılına yaklaşık 2.5 katına çıkarken, Fakıuşağı Mahallesi’ndeki artış 1999 yılından 2019 yılına yaklaşık 10 katına çıkmıştır. Belirlenen 20 yıllık süreçte doğal nüfus artışının dışında üniversitenin kuruluşunun, kente olan göçleri arttırdığı ve yeni imar alanlarının açılmasına sebep olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu süreç içerisinde yerleşim yerleri genişlerken tarım arazilerinin azaldığı, mera ve ormanlıkların da son yıllarda tahrip edildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arazi Örtüsü Kullanımı, Kentsel Büyüme, Orta Ölçekli kent, Değişiklik Tespiti

Kaynakça

• Andersson, R., Quigley, J. M. & Wilhemsson, M. (2009). Urbanization, productivity, and innovation: Evidence from investment in higher education, Journal Of Urban Economics, 66(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2009.02.004
• Armstrong, W., Darrall, J. & Grove-Whıte, R. (1994). Building Lancester’s Future: Economic and Environmental Implications of Lancester University’s Expansion to 2001. University of Lancester. Department of Economics and Center for the Study of Environmental Change, U.K.
• Arslan, H. (2014). The Economic Contribution of The Cankiri Karatekin University to City and The Analysis of Student’ Expenditures in Terms of Different Variables. Dicle University Social Sciences Institute Journal, (12), 114-127.
• Aydın, O. (2009). Analysis of physical urban development of Ankara city using by geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Master’s Thesis, Ankara University, 129p (in Turkish).
• Aydın, T. K. & Durduran, S. S. (2021). Temporal Change of Land Use/Land Cover in Ereğli-Bor Sub-Watershed by Remote Sensing Methods. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 8(3), 629-641. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.936107
• Başer, V. (2019). Analysis of Land Use Change of Highlands with Geographic Information System: The Case of Giresun. BEU Journal of Science, 8(1), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.446264
• Bayar, R. (2018). In terms of land use change in agricultural areas in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences, 16(2), 187-200. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000197
• Bleaney, F., Bınks, R., Greenaway, D., Reed, V. & Whynes, K. (1992). What does a University Add to Its Local Economy? Applied Economics, 24(3), 305-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/0003684920000013
• Borland, J., Dawkins, P., Johnson, D. & Williams, R. (2000). Returns to Investment in Higher Education. The Melbourne Economics of Higher Education Research Program Report.
• Breuste, H. J. (2004). Decision making, planning and design for the conservation of indigenous vegetation within urban development. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(4), 439-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01692046(03)00150-6
• Caniberk, M., Sesli F. A. & Bektaş S. (2015). Determining the temporal changes of land use by using orthophotos: The sample of Elmalı basin. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 20(2), 86-97.
• Çayın, M. & Özer, H. (2015 Contribution of Universities to The Economy of Provinces and Consumption Structure of Students: The Case of Muş Alparslan University. Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 30(2), 131-147.
• Çelikoyan, T. M. & Şeker, D. Z. (2005) Detection of Landuse Changes Between 1903-2003 By Using Different Types of Data-100 Years of Istanbul. TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası 10. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara, Türkiye (in Turkish).
• Ceyhan, S. & Güney, G. (2011). The Contribution Of Bartın University To Bartın States Economic Development With 20 Yearly Projection. Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 21(2), 183-207.
• Çolak, H. E. & Memişoğlu, T. (2018). Determination of Temporal Change in Agricultural Land Use in Trabzon with GIS. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 18(3), 946-958. https://doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.67647
• Dalğar, H., Tunç, H., & Kaya, M. (2009). The Role of University Institutions in Regional Development and Bucak Sample. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, (1), 39-50.
• Demireli, C. & Taşkın, E. (2013). Economic Contributions of University Students to Their Education Locations: Sample of Kütahya City Cente. Dumlupınar University, Journal of Social Sciences, 37, 321-328.
• Dengiz, O., & Turan, İ. D. (2014). Determination of Temporal Change Land Use / Land Cover Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques the Central District of Samsun (1984-2011). Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(1), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.45474
• Dhanaraj, K. & Angadi, D. P. (2022). Land use land cover mapping and monitoring urban growth using remote sensing and GIS techniques in Mangaluru, India. GeoJournal, 87(2), 1133-1159.
• Ergun, C. (2014). Evaluations on Town-Gown Relationship: İn Case of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty, 1(31), 216-237.
• Erkekoğlu, H. (2000). Bölge Üniversitelerinin Yerel Ekonomiye Katkıları: Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Örneği (in Turkish). Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 16, 203-210.
• Genç, L. & Bostancı, Y.B. (2007). Determination of Agriculture Land Use and Land Cover Change Using Remote Sensing and GIS in TROIA National Park. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 4(1), 27-41.
• Görkemli, H.N. (2009) Economical Impacts of Selcuk University to the City of Konya. The Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute, 22, 169-186.
• Green, K., Kempka, D. & Lackey, L. (1994). Using Remote Sensing to detect and monitor land-cover and land-use change. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 60, 331–337.
• Gülersoy, A. E. (2014). Temporal Change of Land Use in Seferihisar (1984-2010) and Proposals for Optimal Land Use SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences, 2014(31), 155-180.
• Gürbüz, M., Denizdurduran, M., Karabulut, M. & Kızılelma, Y. (2012). Remote Sensing and GIS Land on the Elbistan Plain Using Usage/Occurring in Land Cover Analysis of Changes. KSU Engineering Journal of Sciences, Special Issue,30-37.
• Hadeel, A. S., Jabbar, M. T. & Chen, X. (2011). Remote sensing and GIS application in the detection of environmental degradation indicators. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 14(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11806-011-0441-z
• Huggins, R. & Cooke, P. (1997). The Economic Impact of Cardiff University: Innovation, Learning and Job Generation. GeoJournal, 41(4), 325-337. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006863820399
• Kara, F. & Karatepe, A. (2012) Land Use Change Analysis of Beykoz District (1986-2011) with Remote Sensing Technologies. Marmara Geographical Review, 25, 378 – 389.
• Keleş, B. & Durduran, S. S. (2019). In Terms Of Land Use And Land Cover Change Using Remote Sensing Technique: Case Of Study in Osmaniye City. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 1(1), 32-52.
• Köse, M. (2023). Sanayi Kuruluşlarının Mekânsal Değişim Üzerindeki Etkileri: Kozan Şehri Örneği. HUMANITAS-Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(22), 260-282.
• Masser, I. (2001). Managing our urban future: the role of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, Habitat International, 25(4), 503-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-3975(01)00021-2
• Newland, D. (2003). The Role of Universities in Learning Regions. ERSA 2003 Congress, 398, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
• Özdemir, M. A. & Bahadır, M. (2008). Timely Change (1992-2007) of Land Use in Yalova Province. İstanbul University Journal of Geography, 17, 1-15.
• Öztürk, S., Torun, İ., & Özkök, Y. (2011). Contributions Of Universities Established In Anatolia To The Socio-Economic Structure Of The Cities. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 8(16), 145-158.
• Penn State Extensıon & Penn College (MSETC) (2012). Economic Impacts of Marcellus Shale in Bradford County: Employment and Income in 2010. http://www.marcellus.pu.edu/ resources/PDFs/EI_Bradford.pdf [Access Date: 28.11.2013].
• Safari, A., Sohrabi, H., Powell, S. & Shataee, S. (2017). A comparative assessment of multi-temporal Landsat 8 and machine learning algorithms for estimating aboveground carbon stock in coppice oak forests. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 38(22), 6407–6432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1356488
• Serel, A. & Kaşlı, M. (2008). An Empirical Research for University Students’ Expenses Impacts on Local Development. Journal of Management and Economics, 15, 2, 99-113.
• Sönmez, M. E. & Başkaya, Z. (2013). Socio - Economic Impacts of Universities on the Cities: A Case Study from Kilis 7 Aralık University, Turkey. 3rd International Geography Symposium, GEOMED 2013.
• Sönmez, M.E. (2011). The Urban Expansion in Adana, Turkey, and Relationship between Land use Changes in its Surroundings. Turkish Geographical Review, (57), 55-69.
• Tavoletti E. (2007). The Local and Regional Economic Role of Universities: The Case of the University of Cardiff. University of Cardiff Working Paper, W.P. No: 9; 1-46.
• Tıuzbaıan, N. (2003). The Local Income Multiplier Model Oxford Brookes University. Annals of the University PetroĢani-Economics, 3; 212-220.
• Tösten, R., Çenberlitaş, İ. & Gökoğlan, K. (2013). The Expenditure Analysis For The Students Of Dicle University And İts Contribution To The Economy Of Diyarbakir Dicle University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 5(10), 90-114.
• Treitz, P., Howarth, P. & Gong, P. (1992). Application of satellite and GIS technologies for land-cover and land-use mapping at the rural-urban fringe: a case study. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing.
• Tucker, C. J., Townshend, J. R. G. & Goff, T. E. (1985). African land-cover classification using satellite data. Science, 227(4685), 369–375. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4685.369
• URL-1: https://www.usgs.gov/ [Access Date: 17.01.2022].
• URL-2: https://on5yirmi5.com/dosya/turkiyenin-illeri/80-osmaniye-hakkinda-genel-bilgi/ [Access Date: 17.06.2023].
• URL-3: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ [Access Date: 09.08.2022].
• Üzmez, U. (2012). Solution Seeking To Medium Sized Urban Areas Problem In The Turkey: Example Of Zonguldak. Gazi University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 14/2, 127-158.
• Weng, Q. (2002). Land use change analysis in the Zhujiang Delta of China using satellite Remote Sensing, GIS and stochastic modeling. Journal of Environmental Management, 64(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0509
• Zhang, K. H. & Song, S. (2003). Rural–urban migration and urbanization in China: Evidence from time-series and cross-section analyses, China Economic Review, 14(4), 386-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2003.09.018