In this study, to determine the spatial distribution of the main factors affecting erosion, fairy chimney-like structures in the badlands topography were modelled in 3D using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Subsequently, a digital surface model (DSM) and an orthomosaic map were produced. Trend analysis and spatial analysis techniques were employed to examine temporal patterns in climatic data and spatial relationships between environmental factors. The effects of climate variables, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind, as well as anthropogenic factors, topographic, and geological features on these structures were examined in detail. Quantitative analysis revealed that annual precipitation averaged 760 mm over the 37-year study period (1985-2022), with temperatures showing an increasing trend from 10.92°C (1992) to 14.25°C (2020). Based on the findings, it was determined that the size of the fairy chimney-like natural structures ranges from 24 to 31 meters. Additionally, cracks with depths ranging from 30 to 70 centimeters were identified in the north-south direction. This study addresses a critical gap in the literature by providing the first comprehensive documentation and quantitative analysis of these previously unstudied geological formations within the Kula-Salihli UNESCO Global Geopark boundaries. The research contributes novel insights into the relationship between climatic variables and erosional landform development in Mediterranean badland environments, establishing baseline data for future monitoring and conservation efforts.
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Photogrametry |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | June 19, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | October 14, 2025 |
| Publication Date | March 25, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1723012 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA94NF66YJ |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 8 |
Aim of the Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing Journal,
• To promote and publish original research in remote sensing science and technology.
• To foster information exchange and collaboration among scientists and experts from different disciplines.
• To present high-quality articles that address the theoretical and practical aspects of remote sensing applications.
• To disseminate the latest developments and innovations in remote sensing to the scientific community and the public.
• To encourage the ethical and responsible conduct of remote sensing research.
• Remote sensing sensors and platforms
• Image processing and analysis techniques
• RADAR/SAR/LIDAR
• Hyperspectral remote sensing
• Data fusion and modeling
• Remote sensing applications:
Environmental monitoring
Disaster management
Agriculture and forestry
Urban planning and infrastructure
Geology and geomorphology
Hydrology
Ocean science
Atmospheric sciences
• Integration of remote sensing and GIS methods
• Applications of Geographic Information Systems
• Observation applications with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning
• Geophysical and ground-based observation techniques
• Remote sensing education and capacity building
• Legal and policy issues related to remote sensing
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Please inform the Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing whether your study requires Ethics Committee Approval by filling out the Ethics Committee Declaration section within the Copyright Form.
The Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing has been checking the ethical committee approval status of articles submitted since 2020. In this context, if your study falls into a category that requires ethical committee approval, you must upload the permission document along with your article files. Studies submitted to the journal that require ethical committee approval but lack the necessary permission documents will not be considered for evaluation.
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References, tables, figures to be used must be prepared in accordance with APA 7. Articles that do not comply with the rules of writing and APA are eliminated in the first stage by the editor. You should review your references and check their compliance with APA 7. Some expamlpes of citations/references are given below;
References within the text;
(1) (Orhan, 2021). (Çoruhlu & Çelik, 2022). (Orhan et al., 2023; Zheng et al., 2025)
(2) Orhan (2021) stated…, As stated by Çelik et al. (2024)…
Articles
Surname, N., Surname, N., & Surname, N. (Year). Name of the article. Journal’s name, Vol(No), pp. XX-XX. (If there is doi)
Orhan, O. (2021). Land suitability determination for citrus cultivation using a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis in Mersin, Turkey. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 190, 106433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106433
Çoruhlu, Y. E., & Çelik, M. Ö. (2022). Protected area geographical management model from design to implementation for specially protected environment area. Land Use Policy, 122, 106357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106357
Books
Orhan, O., & Makineci, H. B. (2023). Agricultural land suitability analysis. Encyclopedia of Smart Agriculture Technologies. Springer.
e-Books
Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and satellites. Springer Nature. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
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Contact:
Address: Mersin University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geomatics Engineering,
Çiftlikköy Campus, 33343, Yenişehir/Mersin, Turkey
Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing (TJRS) is committed to upholding the highest ethical standards in the publication of scientific research. Our ethical principles and publication policies are aligned with internationally recognized guidelines provided by organizations such as the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and the Declaration of Helsinki. We are dedicated to ensuring that all published research adheres to the ethical standards expected by the global scientific community.
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An Ethics Committee Approval document must be submitted for the publication application of articles that require ethics committee approval.
The Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing has been checking the ethical committee approval status of articles submitted since 2020. In this context, if your study falls into a category that requires ethical committee approval, you must upload the permission document along with your article files. Studies submitted to the journal that require ethical committee approval but lack the necessary permission documents will not be considered for evaluation.
Information regarding ethics committee approval is shared on the “Ethics Committee Approval” page.
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Ahmet Tarık TORUN, halihazırda Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Tapu Kadastro Yüksekokulu'nda görev yapmaktadır. Aksaray Üniversitesi Harita Mühendisliği Lisnas, Yüksek Lisans ve Doktora derecelerine sahiptir. Aktif ve Pasif Uzaktan Algılama, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Yer Bilimleri alanlarında çalışmalar yapmaktadır.
Mustafa Üstüner lisans derecesini Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri Mühendisliği bölümünden, yüksek lisans ve doktora derecelerini ise Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Harita Mühendisliği bölümünden almıştır. Yüksek lisans eğitimi sırasında YÖK bursu ile Güney Florida Üniversitesi’nde (University of South Florida) ve doktora eğitimi sırasında ise TÜBİTAK bursu ile Friedrich Schiller Üniversitesi Jena’da (Friedrich Schiller University Jena) misafir araştırmacı olarak bulunmuştur. 2021-2025 yılları arasında itibaren Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Harita Mühendisliği bölümünde Dr. Öğretim Üyesi olarak çalışmıştır. 2025 yılından itibaren Samsun Üniversitesi'nde Dr. Öğretim Üyesi olarak görev almaktadır.
Dr. Üstüner’in araştırmaları, SAR/PolSAR uydu görüntülerinin işlenmesi ve analizi, uzaktan algılama ve topluluk öğrenme algoritmaları konuları üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır ve bu konularda ulusal/uluslararası bilimsel dergilerde makaleleri bulunmaktadır. IEEE Yer Bilimleri ve Uzaktan Algılama Topluluğu (IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society), Uluslararası Fotogrametri ve Uzaktan Algılama Birliği (International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing) ve Harita ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası (HMKO) üyesidir.
Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing - TJRS) ve European Journal of Remote Sensing dergilerinin editör kurulunda bulunan Dr. Üstüner, çok sayıda bilimsel dergide hakemlikler yapmış ve 2018 yılında yer bilimleri alanında Publons tarafından “Top peer reviewer” ödülü almıştır. IEEE GRSS tarafından düzenlenmiş olan IGARSS 2020 (2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium) ve M2GARSS 2022 (the Mediterranean and Middle-East Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2022) sempozyumlarının düzenleme kurullarında yer almıştır. Ayrıca, IEEE GRSS Türkiye bölümü yönetim kurulunda genç profesyonel (Young Professional) temsilcisi olarak görev almaktadır.
Fabiana Calò received her Master’s degree in Environmental Engineering from Politecnico di Bari and a PhD in Analysis of Environmental Systems at University of Napoli Federico II. She has been Visiting Scientist at Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa (2008) and Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul (2014-2015). Since 2010 she works at National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Electromagnetic Sensing of Environment in Napoli, first as Post-Doc fellow and then as permanent Researcher. Her research interests mainly focus on the study of natural and man-made hazards, and on the natural resources protection by integrating ground-based and Earth Observation data and information.
Ankara Anadolu lisesinden mezun olduktan sonra lisans eğitimimi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Alanında, yüksek lisans eğitimlerimi Peyzaj Planlama ve Çevre Yönetimi alanlarında, doktora eğitimimi ise Çevre Ekonomisi alanında tamamladım. Sırasıyla Ankara Üniversitesinde, University of Massachussetts'de (Dünya Bankası Bursuyla), TUBİTAK'ta, American Geomatics Group, Geotech Şirketinde ve son olarak Anadolu Üniversitesi Mimarlık Bölümü ve Yer ve Uzay Bilimleri Enstitülerinde görev aldım. 9 sene Yer ve Uzay Bilimleri Enstitü Müdürlüğü yanı sıra Mimarlık, Temel Tasarım Eğitimi ve Moda Tasarımı Bölümlerinde Bölüm Başkanı görevleri yaptım, Uzaktan Algılama ve CBS ABD Başkanlığı görevini üstlendim. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesinde Rektör Yardımcısı ve Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi Dekanı olarak görev yaptım. Halen Tasarım ve Planlama Akreditasyon Derneği Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı olarak görev yapıyorum.
Çevreye tehdit olmayan ve çevrenin özellikle afetlerin tehdit etmediği insan yerleşimlerinin araştırılması amacıyla özellikle coğrafi bilgi sistemleri başta olmak üzere, uzaktan algılama, yersel fotogrametri, hava fotogrametrisi vb teknolojilerin kullanılması ve yaygınlaşması amacıyla çok sayıda ulusal-uluslararası projede çalıştım, çeşitli akademik programların ve eğitim programlarının kuruluşunda katkılar sağladım, çok sayıda ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluşla bu maksatla işbirliği yaptım.
Özetle yere - dünyaya - saygı duyan nesillerin yetişmesine ve bu nesillerin yolunu aydınlatacak projelere katkı sağlamaya çalışan bir Dünya ve vatan sevdalısıyım. Bugüne kadar çok sayıda ışık yaktım, bunların önce ülkemizi, ardından dünyayı aydınlatmasını görmek için elimden gelen herşeyi yapmaya çalışıyorum. Bu ışıkların dünyamızı aydınlatmasına katkı sağlayabileceğinizi düşünüyorsanız, benimle iletişime geçebilirsiniz.
Giuseppe Pulighe is a researcher at the Research Center for Agricultural Policies and Bioeconomy, part of the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA). His work spans several critical areas, including agronomy, bioenergy, land use change, water management, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS). Giuseppe Pulighe has made significant contributions to his field, authoring over 60 publications in reputable journals and presenting his research at numerous conferences. He also regularly serves as a reviewer for international scientific journals.
I received my Ph.D. in engineering with a certificate of commendation from the Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University in Japan in 2015. Subsequently, I was awarded a JSPS fellowship, a prestigious award in Japan with an acceptance rate below 10%, and I worked as a research fellow at the Tokyo Institute of Technology for a duration of two years, spanning from 2016 to 2018. In 2019, I served as a postdoctoral researcher at RIKEN, Geoinformatics Unit. From 2019 to 2024, I was an assistant professor in Department of Remote Sensing and GIS in the University of Tabriz. I also visited Gebze Technical University (GTU) and Istanbul Technical University (ITU) as a TUBITAK-supported visitor in 2022 and 2024, respectively. Since 2024, I am an associate professor in Department of Remote Sensing and GIS in the University of Tabriz. I am also an IEEE GRSS (Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society) Senior Member from 2025.
Dr. Dursun Zafer Şeker, Doktora eğitimini Türkiye’de İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi (İTÜ) Geomatik Mühendisliği alanında yapmıştır. Doktora sonrası çalışmalarını İngiltere’de Newcastle upon Tyne Üniversitesi’nde gerçekleştirmiştir. 2004 yılından bu yana İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Geomatik Mühendisliği Bölümü’nde profesör olarak görev yapmaktadır; daha önce aynı bölümde 1998–2004 yılları arasında doçentlik görevini yürütmüştür. Japonya’da Gifu Üniversitesi’nde 1,5 yıl süreyle misafir profesör olarak bulunmuştur. Lisans programında Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri, Yakın Fotogrametri, Proje Planlama ve Yönetimi derslerini vermektedir. Ayrıca, Kıyı Bilimi ve Mühendisliği Sistemleri yüksek lisans programında Kıyı Verisi Yönetim Sistemleri dersini yürütmektedir. İTÜ’de çeşitli lisansüstü programlarda da birçok ders vermektedir. Coğrafi Bilgi Teknolojileri (GIT) Yüksek Lisans ve Doktora programlarının koordinatörliğini 10 yıldan uzun süredir sürdürmektedir. 2006–2017 yılları arasında Harita ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası Fotogrametri ve Uzaktan Algılama Teknik Komisyonu Başkanlığı görevini yürütmüştür. Uzmanlık alanları; CBS, Fotogrametri, Uzaktan Algılama, Kıyı Alanları Yönetimi, Entegre Havza Yönetimi ve teorik ve uygulamalı açıdan Mekânsal Veri Modellemesi ve Analizi konuları ile birlikte makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme konularında da çalışmaları vardır. Bu alanlarda ulusal ve uluslararası, disiplinlerarası birçok araştırma projesinde görev almıştır. 130’dan fazla SCI indeksli uluslararası makale ve 250’den fazla bildiri sahibidir. Ayrıca birçok saygın uluslararası dergide hakemlik yapmakta ve IJEGEO dâhil olmak üzere çeşitli ulusal ve uluslararası dergilerin editörler kurulunda görev almaktadır.
Dr. Aşır Yüksel Kaya lisans derecesini Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Coğrafya bölümünden, yüksek lisans ve doktora derecelerini ise Fırat Üniversitesi Coğrafya bölümünden almıştır. Doktora eğitimi sırasında TÜBİTAK bursu ile Birmingham City Üniversitesinde (İngiltere) misafir araştırmacı olarak bulunmuştur. Doktora sonrasında ise Griffith University Cities Research Institute Post Doktora araştırmalarında bulunmuştır. 2020 yılından itibaren Fırat Üniversitesi Coğrafya bölümünde Dr. Öğretim Üyesi olarak çalışmaktadır. Dr. Kaya’nın araştırmaları, Kent ve kentleşme analizleri, CBS ve uzaktan algılama algoritmaları konuları üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır ve bu konularda ulusal/uluslararası bilimsel dergilerde makaleleri bulunmaktadır. Dr. Kaya Griffith University Cities Research Institute Adjunct Members olarak çalışmalarına devam etmektedir.
Omid Ghorbanzadeh holds a BSc in Mathematics, MSc in RS & GIS, and a Ph.D. in Applied Geoinformatics from the University of Salzburg, Austria, in 2021. Currently, he's a Senior Researcher at BOKU in Vienna. Omid's research focuses on developing Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) and Geo-explainable (Geo-X) AI for RS applications. He's published in journals like Mathematics and IEEE TGRS and received multiple best paper awards. He is also among the 'World's Top 2% Scientists' in Stanford University's 2023, and 2024 ranking.
João Pedro Carvalho received the M.Sc. (Hons.) and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computer engineering from FCT NOVA, Portugal, in 2017 and 2021, respectively. He is currently Assistant Professor at the Dept. of Informatics of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon. Since 2025, he has been an Integrated Member of LASIGE and collaborator of the Center of Technology and Systems (CTS), UNINOVA, and COPELABS. He won the highly competitive Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEEC institutional) FCT grant in 2021. He has published more than 50 papers in international journals and international conferences in the fields of remote sensing, pattern recognition, machine learning, sensor networks, and signal processing, with significant recognition and impact in the research community.
Prof. Dr. Khalil Valizadeh Kamran is currently working as a Full Professor in the Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tabriz , Iran. His research interests includes Land use/Land cover classification, monitoring and change detection, Image processing, Thermal remote sensing, Remote sensing and GIS applied to climatology,Remote sensing and GIS application for Geohazard monitoring and risk assessment, SAR image processing, GIS based climatology. He is serving as an editorial member and reviewer of several international reputed journals. Dr. Khalil Valizadeh Kamran is the member of many international affiliations. He has successfully completed his Administrative responsibilities. He has authored of many research articles/books related to Land use.
Caner Ozdemir received the B.S.E.E. degree in 1992 from the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, and the M.S.E. and Ph. D. degrees in Electrical & Computer Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1995 and 1998, respectively.
From 1992 to 1993, he worked as a project engineer at the Electronic Warfare Programs Directorate of ASELSAN Electronic Industries Inc., Ankara, Turkey. From 1998 to 2000, he worked as a research scientist at Electronic & Avionics Systems (ASTG) group of AlliedSignal Inc., Columbia, Maryland. He joined the faculty of Mersin University in 2000 and is currently a professor in the department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Mersin, Turkey. He has been serving as a consultant to the Marmara Research Center of the Scientific and Research Council (TUBITAK) of Turkey and many defense industry firms. Dr. Ozdemir’s research interests are radar cross section, radar image/signal processing, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), radar cross section, ground penetrating radar, through-the-wall imaging radar and antenna design. He has published more than 180 journal articles and conference/symposium papers on these subjects.
Dr. Ozdemir is a recipient of URSI EMT-S Young Scientist Award in the 2004 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory in Pisa, Italy and also recipient of a JARS best paper award for photo-optical instrumentation published in the Journal of Applied Remote Sensing in 2016. He is the author of the book titled “Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging with Matlab Algorithms”.
Aktif araştırma alanları; Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama (UA) tekniklerini kullanarak; yeraltı sularının kirlenmeye karşı hassasiyetinin ve potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi, yer seçimi, çeşitli coğrafi unsurlara ait morfometrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, arazi kullanımına ait zamansal değişimlerin, yüzey sıcaklığının ve bitki örtüsünün haritalanması ve belirlenmesi konularını içermektedir.