Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

ON HYPER COMPLEX NUMBERS WITH HIGHER ORDER BALANCING NUMBERS COMPONENTS

Year 2026, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 204 - 213, 03.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA23JS67RE

Abstract

In this article, we define higher-order balancing numbers. Next, we employ higher-order balancing numbers to present a novel family of hyper complex numbers. These families are referred to as the higher-order balancing $2^r$-ions. We give various algebraic properties of this higher-order balancing $2^r$-ions, such as the recurrence relation, the generating function, Binet’s formula, Catalan's identity, Cassini's identity, d'Ocagne's identity and Vajda's identity and so on. Furthermore, we derive the matrix representation of the higher-order balancing $2^r$-ions, therefore establishing Cassini’s identity as a new type.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank anonymous reviewers whose attentive reading and insightful remarks enabled us to improve the quality of our work in its present form.

References

  • Asci, M. and Aydinyuz, S., (2021), On Gaussian Balancing and Gaussian Cobalancing Quaternions, Turk. J. Math. Comput. Sci., 13(1), pp. 174-181.
  • Göcen, M. and Soykan, Y., (2019), Horadam 2k -ions, Konuralp Journal of Mathematics, 7(2), pp. 492-501.
  • Horadam, A. F., (1963), Complex numbers and Fibonacci quaternions, Amer. Math. Monthly, 70, pp. 289-291.
  • Kizilates, C. and Kone, T., (2021), On higher order Fibonacci hyper complex numbers, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 148.
  • Kizilates, C. and Kone, T., (2021), On higher order Fibonacci quaternions, The Journal of Analysis, 29, pp. 1071-1082.
  • Kim H.K., KIM T., (2025), Note on the Analogues r-Stirling Numbers via Boson Operators, TWMS J. Pure Appl. Math. V.16, N.1, pp.84-97. DOI: 10.30546/2219-1259.16.1.2025.84
  • Özimamoğlu, H., (2023), On hyper complex numbers with higher order Pell numbers components, J Anal, 31, pp. 2443–2457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41478-023-00579-2
  • Özimamoğlu, H., (2024), On Higher Order Jacobsthal Hyper Complex Numbers, Turkish Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, 16(1), pp. 35-44.
  • Özkan, E. and Uysal, M., (2023), On Quaternions with Higher Order Jacobsthal Numbers Components, Journal of Sciencs, 36(1), pp. 336-347.
  • Patel, B. K. and Ray, P. K., (2021), On Balancing and Lucas-balancing Quaternions, Communications in Mathematics, 29, pp. 325-341.
  • Prasad, K., Kumari, M. and Tanti, J., (2024), Octonions and hyperbolic octonions with the k-balancing and k-Lucas balancing numbers, Journal of Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41478-023-00716-x
  • Prasad, K., Kumari, M., Mohanta, R. and Mahato, H., (2023), The sequence of higher order Mersenne numbers and associated binomial transforms, arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.08073.
  • Prasad, K., Kumari, I. and Kumari, M., (2024), Higher order balancing numbers: new sequences, recurrence relations, generating functions and identities.
  • Randid, M., Morales, D. A. and Arauj, O., (1966), Higher-order Fibonacci numbers, Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, 20, pp. 79-94.
  • Ray, P. K., (2009), Balancing and cobalancing numbers, PhD diss..
  • Sevgi, E. and Tasci, D., (2020), Bi-Periodic Balancing Quaternions, Turk. J. Math. Comput. Sci., 20(2), pp. 68-75.
  • Uysal, M. and Ozkan, E., (2022), Higher order Jacobsthal–Lucas quaternions, Axioms, 11(12), pp. 671.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Algebra and Number Theory
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ritanjali Mohanty 0000-0002-5885-5613

Hrishikesh Mahato 0000-0002-3769-0653

Submission Date January 8, 2025
Acceptance Date May 27, 2025
Publication Date February 3, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA23JS67RE
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite