SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL

M. Prakash Raj; A Venkatesh; K. Arun Kumar; M Manivel

SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL

Abstract

This study presents a detailed analysis of a dengue transmission model that incorporates two biologically motivated time delays, representing the intrinsic and extrinsic incubation periods in host-vector interactions. Based on a vector-host framework, the model examines the influence of key transmission parameters through sensitivity analysis and contour plots. The basic reproduction number $R_0$ is analytically derived and assessed for its dependence on epidemiologically significant factors. To curb disease spread, an optimal control problem is formulated by introducing three time-dependent control strategies: personal protection, vector control, and vector targeting efficiency. Employing Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the necessary conditions for optimality are established. Numerical simulations under various delay scenarios reveal that optimal control strategies significantly reduce both human and vector infections. However, the presence and magnitude of delays affect the speed and efficacy of intervention. The findings emphasize the critical role of accounting for biological delays and implementing targeted controls in designing effective dengue prevention strategies.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ordinary Differential Equations, Difference Equations and Dynamical Systems, Dynamical Systems in Applications

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

M. Prakash Raj
0009-0006-6671-7479
India

A Venkatesh ^*
0000-0002-8011-4213
India

K. Arun Kumar This is me
0009-0006-2576-8501
India

M Manivel
0000-0003-3967-8890
India

Publication Date

September 7, 2026

Submission Date

June 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 16 Number: 9

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Raj, M. P., Venkatesh, A., Arun Kumar, K., & Manivel, M. (2026). SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL. TWMS Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics, 16(9), 1104-1117. https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL

AMA

1.Raj MP, Venkatesh A, Arun Kumar K, Manivel M. SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL. JAEM. 2026;16(9):1104-1117. https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL

Chicago

Raj, M. Prakash, A Venkatesh, K. Arun Kumar, and M Manivel. 2026. “SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL”. TWMS Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics 16 (9): 1104-17. https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL.

EndNote

Raj MP, Venkatesh A, Arun Kumar K, Manivel M (September 1, 2026) SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL. TWMS Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics 16 9 1104–1117.

IEEE

[1]M. P. Raj, A. Venkatesh, K. Arun Kumar, and M. Manivel, “SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL”, JAEM, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1104–1117, Sept. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL

ISNAD

Raj, M. Prakash - Venkatesh, A - Arun Kumar, K. - Manivel, M. “SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL”. TWMS Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics 16/9 (September 1, 2026): 1104-1117. https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL.

JAMA

1.Raj MP, Venkatesh A, Arun Kumar K, Manivel M. SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL. JAEM. 2026;16:1104–1117.

MLA

Raj, M. Prakash, et al. “SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL”. TWMS Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics, vol. 16, no. 9, Sept. 2026, pp. 1104-17, https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL.

Vancouver

1.M. Prakash Raj, A Venkatesh, K. Arun Kumar, M Manivel. SENSITIVITY AND OPTIMIZING DENGUE CONTROL IN A TWO-TIME-DELAY TRANSMISSION MODEL. JAEM [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 1;16(9):1104-17. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA83RX56XL