Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale

Mohammad Baquir; Nadeem Khalil; Sohail Ayub; Manoj Kumar

doi:10.32323/ujma.1542567

TR EN

Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale

Abstract

This study investigates the potential broad application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (SSVF CWs) for heavy metal remediation, focusing on Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) removal efficiency. A pilot-scale experimental setup was employed, utilizing a SSVF CW filled with 12 mm gravel and 2 mm coarse sand, planted with Phragmites Australis. The research, conducted over 366 days, aimed to develop a numerical approximation tool to predict the performance and applicability of SSVF CWs in various environmental conditions. The experimental system operated at a hydraulic loading rate of $98-111 \mathrm{~mm} / \mathrm{d}$ and a hydraulic retention time of 6 days. Results showed average removal efficiencies of $44.87 \pm 9.52 \%$ for Cr and $43.16 \pm 9.43 \%$ for As. A mass balance analysis revealed that substrate accumulation was the primary mechanism for heavy metal removal, accounting for $29 \%$ of Cr and $26 \%$ of As removal. Plant uptake contributed to $3.5-9.9 \%$ of Cr and $0.3-$ $8.8 \%$ of As removal. Based on these findings, a numerical model was developed to simulate SSVF CW performance under varying environmental and operational parameters. The model incorporated factors such as influent concentrations, hydraulic loading rates, substrate composition, and plant species. Validation against experimental data showed good agreement, with an $\mathrm{R}^{2}$ value of 0.89 . The numerical tool was then used to predict SSVF CW performance across a range of scenarios, indicating potential broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment, mine drainage remediation, and contaminated groundwater cleanup. This study provides valuable insights into the scalability and versatility of SSVF CWs for heavy metal removal, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for water treatment challenges.

Keywords

Heavy metals, India, Macrophytes, Sewage, Wetlands

Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale

Abstract

This study investigates the potential broad application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (SSVF CWs) for heavy metal remediation, focusing on Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) removal efficiency. A pilot-scale experimental setup was employed, utilizing a SSVF CW filled with 12 mm gravel and 2 mm coarse sand, planted with Phragmites Australis. The research, conducted over 366 days, aimed to develop a numerical approximation tool to predict the performance and applicability of SSVF CWs in various environmental conditions. The experimental system operated at a hydraulic loading rate of $98-111 \mathrm{~mm} / \mathrm{d}$ and a hydraulic retention time of 6 days. Results showed average removal efficiencies of $44.87 \pm 9.52 \%$ for Cr and $43.16 \pm 9.43 \%$ for As. A mass balance analysis revealed that substrate accumulation was the primary mechanism for heavy metal removal, accounting for $29 \%$ of Cr and $26 \%$ of As removal. Plant uptake contributed to $3.5-9.9 \%$ of Cr and $0.3-$ $8.8 \%$ of As removal. Based on these findings, a numerical model was developed to simulate SSVF CW performance under varying environmental and operational parameters. The model incorporated factors such as influent concentrations, hydraulic loading rates, substrate composition, and plant species. Validation against experimental data showed good agreement, with an $\mathrm{R}^{2}$ value of 0.89 . The numerical tool was then used to predict SSVF CW performance across a range of scenarios, indicating potential broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment, mine drainage remediation, and contaminated groundwater cleanup. This study provides valuable insights into the scalability and versatility of SSVF CWs for heavy metal removal, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for water treatment challenges.

Keywords

Heavy metals, India, Macrophytes, Sewage, Wetlands

Supporting Institution

Aligarh Muslim University

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that this study was conducted in accordance with established ethical standards. We affirm that all methods and procedures used in this research were approved by the institution and conform to the ethical standards.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Mathematical Optimisation, Numerical and Computational Mathematics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mohammad Baquir ^*
0000-0001-7618-5978
India

Nadeem Khalil
0000-0003-1843-5232
India

Sohail Ayub
0000-0002-9468-9181
India

Manoj Kumar
0009-0005-0697-3190
India

Early Pub Date

November 12, 2024

Publication Date

December 9, 2024

Submission Date

September 4, 2024

Acceptance Date

November 2, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 7 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1542567

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34ZG45EU

APA

Baquir, M., Khalil, N., Ayub, S., & Kumar, M. (2024). Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications, 7(4), 170-179. https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1542567

AMA

1.Baquir M, Khalil N, Ayub S, Kumar M. Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale. Univ. J. Math. Appl. 2024;7(4):170-179. doi:10.32323/ujma.1542567

Chicago

Baquir, Mohammad, Nadeem Khalil, Sohail Ayub, and Manoj Kumar. 2024. “Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale”. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 7 (4): 170-79. https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1542567.

EndNote

Baquir M, Khalil N, Ayub S, Kumar M (December 1, 2024) Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 7 4 170–179.

IEEE

[1]M. Baquir, N. Khalil, S. Ayub, and M. Kumar, “Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale”, Univ. J. Math. Appl., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 170–179, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.32323/ujma.1542567.

ISNAD

Baquir, Mohammad - Khalil, Nadeem - Ayub, Sohail - Kumar, Manoj. “Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale”. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 7/4 (December 1, 2024): 170-179. https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1542567.

JAMA

1.Baquir M, Khalil N, Ayub S, Kumar M. Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale. Univ. J. Math. Appl. 2024;7:170–179.

MLA

Baquir, Mohammad, et al. “Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale”. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications, vol. 7, no. 4, Dec. 2024, pp. 170-9, doi:10.32323/ujma.1542567.

Vancouver

1.Mohammad Baquir, Nadeem Khalil, Sohail Ayub, Manoj Kumar. Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale. Univ. J. Math. Appl. 2024 Dec. 1;7(4):170-9. doi:10.32323/ujma.1542567