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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>uli̇pod</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2792-0674</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Derneği (ULİPOD)</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62334/ulipod.1829476</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>International Security</subject>
                                                            <subject>International Relations Theories</subject>
                                                            <subject>Politics in International Relations</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Uluslararası Güvenlik</subject>
                                                            <subject>Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları</subject>
                                                            <subject>Uluslararası İlişkilerde Siyaset</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Üç Kutupluluktan İki Kutupluluğa: Irak Savaşı Sonrası Körfez Bölgesel Güvenliği</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-2946</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Üçağaç</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ahmet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260324">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>24</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251124">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260208">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2021, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışma, 2003 Irak Savaşı’nı takip eden dönemde Körfez bölgesindeki güvenlik dinamiklerinin dönüşümünü Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi (BGKT) perspektifinden incelemektedir. 2003 yılında ABD öncülüğünde gerçekleştirilen Irak işgali, savaş öncesi güç dengesini bozarak ve yeni rekabet, ittifak ve tehdit algısı modellerini tetikleyerek Körfez bölgesinin güvenlik sisteminde köklü bir yeniden yapılanmaya yol açtı. İşgalden önce Körfez, Irak, İran ve Suudi Arabistan merkezli üç kutuplu bir yapı altında işliyordu. Ancak Irak’ın bu üçlü dengeden çıkarılması, bölgesel düzeni temelden değiştirdi ve Suudi Arabistan ve İran’dan oluşan iki kutuplu bölgesel bir yapının ortaya çıkmasına yol açtı. Bu dönemde yaşanan gelişmeleri inceleyen bu çalışma, bölge dışı müdahalelerin ve bölge içi rekabetlerin Körfez’in güvenlik mimarisini nasıl yeniden şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. BGKT ve süreç izleme yöntemini kullanarak, üç kutupluluktan iki kutupluluğa geçişi tetikleyen mekanizmaları analiz eden çalışma, bölgedeki tehdit algısı, ittifak oluşumu ve stratejik davranışların değişen kalıplarını anlamak için bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Çalışma, 2003 sonrası Körfez sisteminin, güç merkezleri açısından daha yoğunlaşmış olmasına rağmen, güvenlik ortamını şekillendiren süregelen rekabetler ve dış bağımlılıklar nedeniyle istikrarsızlığını koruduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu dönüşümü anlamak, söz konusu dönemde Körfez siyaseti ve bölgesel dinamikler ile dış etkiler arasındaki etkileşime ilişkin önemli içgörüler sağlarken gelişen Körfez güvenlik mimarisini anlamak için kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This study examines the transformation of security dynamics in the Gulf in the period following the 2003 Iraq War through the analytical lens of Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT). The 2003 United States-led (the US) invasion of Iraq, triggered a profound restructuring of the Gulf’s regional security system by dismantling the pre-war balance of power and catalyzing new patterns of rivalry, alignment, and threat perception. Prior to the invasion, the Gulf operated under a tripolar structure centered on Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. However, the removal of Iraq from this triadic balance fundamentally altered the regional order and led to the emergence of a bipolar regional structure dominated by Saudi Arabia and Iran. By examining developments in this period, this study traces how extra-regional interventions and intraregional rivalries reshaped the Gulf’s security architecture. Utilizing RSCT and process tracing, it analyzes the mechanisms driving the shift from tripolarity to bipolarity, offering a framework for understanding evolving patterns of threat perception, alliance formation, and strategic behavior in the region. The study asserts that the post-2003 Gulf system, while more concentrated in terms of power poles, remains volatile, with persistent rivalries and external dependencies shaping its security environment. Understanding this transformation provides critical insights into Gulf politics and the interplay between regional dynamics and external influences in this period, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding the evolving Gulf security architecture.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>The Gulf</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Regional Security Complex</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Regional Order</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Polarity</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Strategic Behaivour</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Körfez</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bölgesel Düzen</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kutupluluk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Stratejik Davranış</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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