vakanüvi̇s Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 2149-9535 2636-7777 Serkan YAZICI 10.24186/vakanuvis.1678732 General Turkish History (Other) Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer) “Önemsiz” bir Muhasara: Mirza Süleyman’ın Kabil Kuşatması (1556) An “Unimportant” Siege: The Siege of Kabul by Mirza Suleiman (1556) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-470X Aslan Yakup Hacettepe Üniversitesi 10 31 2025 10 Vakanüvis 10. Yıl Özel Sayısı 152 173 04 18 2025 08 05 2025 Copyright © 2016, Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 2016 Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi

Bu makale Ekber Şah döneminin ilk günlerinde meydana gelen Kabil kuşatmasını askeri, stratejik ve siyasi dinamikler bakımından ele almaktadır. Makale 2 kısma ayrılmıştır. İlk kısımda özellikle Beyazid Beyat’ın hatıralarına dayanarak Kabil kuşatmasının anlatısı sunulmaktadır. İkinci kısım ise kuşatmanın askeri tarih bakımından bir değerlendirmesini ele alır. Kuşatma boyunca öne çıkan askeri teknoloji, kuşatma yöntemleri, iaşe ve coğrafi şartlar, hile ve aldatma gibi etkenler belirlenmiş ve kuşatmanın neticesine tesirleri tartışılmıştır. Kabil kuşatması, geleneksel kuşatmalar ile erken modern dönem metodik kuşatma savaşları arasında bir geçiş örneği sunmaktadır.

This article examines the siege of Kabul in the early days of Akbar Shah's reign in terms of military, strategic and political aspects. The article is divided into two chapters. The first chapter focuses on the narration of Kabul siege, particularly by Bayazid Bayat. The second chapter contains an analysis of the siege from the perspective of military history. Factors such as military technology, siege methods, supply and geographical conditions, cunning and deception are identified and their impact on the outcome of the siege is discussed. The siege of Kabul provides a transitional example between traditional sieges and early modern methodical siege wars.

 Akbar Shah Early Modern Kabul Mughal Empire Mu'nim Khan Siege Wars Babürlü İmparatorluğu Ekber Şah Erken Modern Kabil Kuşatma Savaşları Mu'nim Han Abdul-Qadir Badaoni, Muntakhabu-t-Tawarikh, vol. 2, trans. George S.A. Ranking, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi 1990. Abu-l-Fazl, The Akbar Nama, vol. 2, trans. H. Beveridge, The Asiatic Society, Calcutta 1907. Abul-Fazl-ı Mubarak-ı Allami, The Akbarnamah, Persian Text edited by Maulawi Abd-ur-Rahim, vol. 2, The Asiatic Society, Calcutta 1879. Albuquerque, Alfonso, The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India, vol. 2, trans. Walter de Gray Birch, Hakluyt Society, London 1877. Ansari, A.S. Bazmee, “Gulbadan Begam”, The Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. 2, Brill, Leiden 1991, pp.1134-1135. Babur Mirza, Zahiruddin Muhammad, Bâburnâma, Part One: Fergana and Transaxonia, Chaghatay Turkish Text with Abdul-Rahim Khankhanan’s Persian Translation, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston, The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilisations, Harvard University, 1993. Babur Mirza, Zahiruddin Muhammad, Bâburnâma, Part Two: Kabul, Chaghatay Turkish Text with Abdul-Rahim Khankhanan’s Persian Translation, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston, The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilisations, Harvard University, 1993. Bâbur Pâdshâh Ghâzî, Zahiru’d-dîn Muhammad, The Bâbur-nâma in English (Memoirs of Bâbur), vol. 1, trans. Annette Susannah Beveridge, Luzac and Co., London 1922. Babur, Gazi Zahîreddin Muhammed, Baburnâme (Vekayi), Turkish Translation by Reşit Rahmeti Arat, Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul 2006. Bāyazid Bayāt, Tārikh-i Humāyun, (Persian texts Edited and Translated by W. M. Thackston), Bibliotheca Iranica, Mazda Publishers, California 2009. Bāyazīd Biyāt, Tadhkira-I-Humayun wa Akbar, ed. M. Hidayat Hosain, The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta 1941. Beveridge, Annette S., “Appendix” in The History of Humayun (Humayun Nama), The Royal Asiatic Society, London 1902, pp. 203-301. Beveridge, Annette, “Babur, Gülbeden, ve Haydar Tarafından Zikredilen Kadınların Tercümei Halleri”, in Hümayunname, Turkish Translation by Abdürreb Yelgar and Eymen Manyas, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987, pp. 217-337. De La Garza, Andrew, The Mughal Empire At War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Revolution, 1500-1605, Routledge, New York 2016. Eaton, Richard M. and Wagoner, Philip B., Warfare on the Deccan Plateau, 1450-1600: A Military Revolution in Early Modern India?, Journal of World History, March 2014, vol. 25, No.1, pp. 5-50. Gascoigne, Alison L. et al., “In the Trenches: Rescue Archaeology at the Bala Hissar, Kabul”, Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, vol. 51, Issue. 1, pp. 151-196. Gul-Badan Begam, The History of Humâyûn (Humâyûn-Nâma), trans. Annette S. Beveridge, Royal Asiatic Society, London 1902. Gulbeden, Hümayunnâme, Translated into Turkish by Abdürreb Yelgar, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987. Irvine, William, The Army of the Indian Moguls: Its Organization and Administration, Luzac and Co., London 1903. Jauhar Aftabchi, Waqi‘āt-i Humāyūn, Maulana Azad Library, Farsia-Ahkbar Collection, Ms.109. Jouher, The Tezkereh al Vakıat or Private Memoirs of the Moghul Emperor Humayun, trans. M. Charles Stewart, The Oriental Translation Fund, London 1832. Kanar, Mehmet, Farsça-Türkçe Sözlük, Say Yayınları, İstanbul 2015. Khan, Iqtidar Alam, A Political Biography of A Mughal Noble: Mun’im Khan Khan-I Khanan, 1497-1575, Orient Longman, New Delhi 1973. Khwâjah Nizâmuddîn Ahmad, The Tabaqât-i Akbarî, vol. 2, ed. B. De, The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta 1931. Lal, Ruby, Vagabond Princess The Great Adventures of Gulbadan, Juggernaut Books, New Delhi 2024. Mobîn, Abu’l-Hasan, “Tadhkirat-i Humayun wa Akbar”; Âyene-i-Mîrâs (Mirror of Heritage), No. 40, Spring 1387 (2008), pp. 319-329. Motamad Khan, Iqbalnama-I Jahangiri, ed. Mawlawis Abd Al-Haii ve Ahmed Ali, The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta 1865. Mullā Abd Ul-Bāqī Nāhāvandī, The Ma’āsir-I-Rahīmī, vol.1, ed. Mawlawi M. Hidayet Husain, The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta 1910. Nath, Pratyay, “Through the Lens of War: Akbar’s Sieges (1567-1568) and Mughal Empire-Building in Early Modern North India”, Sout Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 2018, vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 245-258. Nawwab Shah Nawas Khan and Abdul Hayy, The Maathir-ul-Umara, trans. H. Beveridge, vol. 2, part.1, Janaki Prakashan, New Delhi 1979. Qazı Ahmad Tatawı et al., Tarikh-i Alfi, ed. Ghulam Reza Tabatabai, vol. 8, Sherkat-e Entesharat-e Elmi va Farhangi, Tehran 1382. Sarıçiçek, Sertaç, “Safevi Kuşatma Savaşlarında Kullanılan Sahra Tahkimatları”, Ankara Anadolu ve Rumeli Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 2, No. 3, 2021, pp. 129-149. Sarkar, Jadunath, Military History of India, Sarkar & Sons, Calcutta 1960. Steingass, Francis Joseph, A Comprehensive Persian- English Dictionary, Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, London 1963. Streusand, Douglas E., Islamic Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals, Westview Press, Boulder 2011. Streusand, Douglas E., The Formation of the Mughal Empire, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1989. Thackston, Wheeler M., “Translator’s Preface” in Three Memoirs of Humayun, Mazda Publishers, California 2009, pp. VIII-XIII. Woodburn, C. W., The Bala Hissar of Kabul, Revealing a Fortress-Palace in Afghanistan, The Institution of Royal Engineers, 2009.