Fungusit tebukonazolün tatlı su midyelerine (Unio mancus) toksik etkilerinin çoklu biyobelirteçlerle incelenmesi

Abstract

Triazol fungusitler, geniş spektrumlu, steroidal olmayan antiöstrojenler ve çeşitli endüstriyel uygulamalar için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Toprak, su gibi çevresel ortamlarda ve canlı organizmaların dokularında bu fungusitlerin kalıntılarına rastlanmaktadır. Giderek artan toksisite raporları, triazol fungusitlerin çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından endişe verici kirleticiler olarak ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, triazol grubu fungusitlerden en yaygın kullanılan türlerinden biri olan tebukonazolün (TEB) hedef dışı organizmalar olan tatlı su midyeleri (Unio mancus) üzerindeki toksik etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, 96 saat boyunca dört TEB konsantrasyonuna (1.5, 15, 150 ve 1500 µg Aİ L-1) maruz bırakılan midyelerin solungaç ve sindirim bezlerinde çeşitli oksidatif stres parametreleri [toplam antioksidan konsantrasyonu (TAC), toplam oksidan konsantrasyonu (TOC), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI), glutatyon (GSH), malondialdehit (MDA)], antioksidan enzimler [(süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), glutatyon S-transferaz (GST), glutatyon redüktaz (GR)] ve biyotransformasyon enzimlerinden karboksil esteraz (CaE) aktivitesi değerlendirilmiştir. TEB’e maruz kalmanın, hem solungaçta hem de sindirim bezinde kontrole göre önemli oranda TAC, OSI, MDA seviyelerini arttırdığı, TOC ve GSH düzeylerini düşürdüğü, SOD, GPx, GST aktivitelerini arttırdığı, GR ve CaE’yi ise inhibe ettiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, TEB’in U. mancus’da önemli toksik etkiler oluşturduğu ve tatlı su ekosistemlerinde yaşayan midyelerin TEB’e maruz kalma tehdidi altında olabileceği söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Biyobelirteçler
• oksidatif stres
• tatlı su midyeleri
• tebukonazol

Investigation of toxic effects of fungicide tebuconazole on freshwater mussels (Unio mancus) with multiple biomarkers

Abstract

Triazole fungicides are widely used as broad-spectrum, non-steroidal antiestrogens and for various industrial applications. Residues of these fungicides are found in environments such as soil and water, and in the tissues of living organisms. Increasing toxicity reports have led to the emergence of triazole fungicides as pollutants of environmental and public health concern. In this study, the toxic effects of tebuconazole (TEB), one of the most widely used triazole fungicides, on freshwater mussels (Unio mancus), which are non-target organisms, were investigated. In the study, various oxidative stress parameters [total antioxidant concentration (TAC), total oxidant concentration (TOC), oxidative stress index (OSI), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA)], antioxidant enzymes [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR)] and carboxylesterase (CaE) activity from biotransformation enzymes was evaluated in the gill and digestive glands of mussels exposed to four TEB concentrations (1.5, 15, 150 and 1500 µg AI L-1) for 96 hours. It was observed that TEB exposure significantly increased TAC, OSI, MDA levels, decreased TOC and GSH levels, increased SOD, GPx, GST activities, and inhibited GR and CaE activities in both the gill and digestive gland compared to the control. As a result, it can be said that TEB has significant toxic effects on U. mancus and mussels living in freshwater ecosystems may be under the threat of TEB exposure.

Keywords

• Biomarkers
• oxidative stress
• freshwater mussels
• tebuconazole

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