Ağrı ili parklarında askarit kontaminasyonunun araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Ağrı il merkezinde bulunan 18 çocuk parkının askarit yumurtaları ile kontaminasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Mart-Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında her bir parktan tekniğine uygun bir şekilde toplanan 16 dışkı, 28 toprak ve 42 kum örneği laboratuvarda helmint yumurtaları yönünden mikroskobik olarak incelenmiştir. Dışkı örneklerinin 6’sının Toxocara sp., 3’ünün ise Ancylostoma caninum yumurtaları ile kontamine olduğu bulunmuştur. Toprak örneklerinin 5’inde Toxocara sp. ve 2’sinde Diphyllidium caninum yumurtaları tespit edilmiştir. Kum örneklerinin 5’inde Toxocara sp. ve 1’inde Diphyllidium caninum yumurtaları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma neticesinde Ağrı ilindeki çocuk parklarının zoonotik kedi-köpek askaritleri ile kontamine olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Ağrı
• Helmint
• Kontaminasyon
• Park
• Türkiye

Investigation of ascarid contamination in parks of Ağrı, Turkiye

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the contamination of 18 parks with ascarid eggs in Ağrı. For this aim, in accordance with the technique 16 stool, 28 soil, and 42 sand samples were collected from each park between March-May 2023 and examined microscopically for the presence of helminth eggs in the laboratory. While 6 stool samples were found to be contaminated with Toxocara sp., Ancylostoma caninum eggs were found in 3 stool samples. Toxocara sp. eggs were seen in 5 and Diphyllidium caninum eggs were seen in 2 soil samples. In 5 Toxocara sp. and 1 Diphyllidium caninum eggs were determined in sand samples. As a result of this study, it was seen that the playgrounds in the Ağrı region were contaminated with zoonotic cat-dog ascarid species.

Keywords

• Agrı
• Contamination
• Helminth
• Park
• Turkiye

References

1. Afshar, M.T., Aydemir, S., Yılmaz, H., Yıldız, R., Barlık, F., & Yasul, M. (2023). Ağrı yöresi sığırlarında Toxocara vitulorum’un yayılışı. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 47(2), 88-92. https://doi.org/10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.60783
2. Afshar, M.T., Yıldız, R., Cengiz, Z.T., Aydemir, S., & Şahin M. (2022). Ağrı ili ve ilçelerinde sokak köpeklerinde saptanan gastrointestinal helmintler ve zoonotik önemi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 46(1), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.63835
3. Akdemir, C. (2010). Visceral larva migrans among children in Kütahya (Turkey) and an evaluation of playgrounds for T. canis eggs. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 52, 158-162.
4. Anderson, R.C. (2000). Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission (2nd ed.). Cabi. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/book/10.1079/9780851994215.0000
5. Avcioglu, H., & Balkaya, I. (2011). The relationship of public park accessibility to dogs to the presence of Toxocara species ova in the soil. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11, 177-180. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0244.
6. Avcioglu, H., & Burgu, A. (2008). Seasonal prevalence of Toxocara ova in soil samples from public parks in Ankara, Turkey. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 8, 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2007.0212.
7. Ayaz, E., Yaman, M., & Gül, A. (2003). Prevalence of Toxocara sp. eggs in soil of public parks in Van, Turkey. The Indian Veterinary Journal, 80, 574-576.
8. Aydenizöz Özkayhan, M. (2006). Soil contamination with ascarid eggs in playgrounds in Kirikkale, Turkey. Journal of Helminthology, 80, 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1079/joh2005311.

9. Aydın, M.F. (2020). Presence of Toxocara sp. and other zoonotic parasites ova in children’s playground in Karaman, Turkey. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 44, 17-20. https://doi.org/10.4274/tpd.galenos.2020.6256
10. Belhage, A.A., Hosni, M.M., & El Maghrbi, A.A. (2016). Soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in the Public Parks of Tripoli City, Libya. Libyan Journal of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 2(2), 9-12.
11. Bozkurt, Ö., Yıldırım, A., İnci, A., Çiloğlu, A., Bişkin, Z., & Düzlü, Ö. (2012). Kayseri ili parklarında bulunan oyun alanlarının askarit türleri ile kontaminasyonunun parazitolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle araştırılması. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (Suppl-A): A175-A180. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2012.6104
12. Carden, S.M., Meusemann, R., Walker, J., Stawell, R.J., MacKinnon, J.R., Smith, D., Stawell, A.M., Hall, A.J. (2003). Toxocara canis: egg presence in Melbourne parks and disease incidence in Victoria. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 31(2), 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9071.2003.00622.x
13. Dada, B.J., & Lindquist, W.D. (1979). Studies on flotation techniques for the recovery of helminth eggs from soil and the prevalence of eggs of Toxocara spp in some Kansas public places. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 174(11), 1208-1210. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00005885
14. de Ybxkáñez, M.R., Garijo, M.M., & Alonso, F.D. (2001). Prevalence and viability of eggs of Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris leonina in public parks in eastern Spain. Journal of Helminthology, 75(2), 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1079/JOH200164
15. Duwell, D. (1984). The prevalence of Toxocara eggs in the sand in children's playgrounds in Frankfurt/M. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 78(6), 633-636. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1984.11811875
16. Erol, U., Altay, K., Şahi̇n, Ö.F., & Urhan, O.F. (2021). Investigation of zoonotic helminths in children’s playgrounds in Sivas province. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 32(2), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.999894
17. Fakhri, Y., Gasser, R.B., Rostami, A., Fan, C.K., Ghasemi, S.M., Javanian, M., Bayani, M., Armoon, B., & Moradi, B. (2018). Toxocara eggs in public places worldwide - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Pollution, 242, 1467-1475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.087
18. Gualazzi, D.A., Embil, J.A., & Pereira, L.H. (1986). Prevalence of helminth ova in recreational areas of peninsular Halifax, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 77(2), 147- 151.
19. Güçlü, F., & Aydenizöz, M. (1998). Çocuk parklarındaki kumların köpek ve kedi helmint yumurtaları ile kontaminasyonunun tesbiti. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 22, 194-198. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.999894
20. Gürel, F.S., Ertuğ, S., & Okyay, P. (2005). Prevalence of Toxocara sp. eggs in public parks of the city of Aydın, Turkey. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 29, 177-179.
21. Gürler, A.T., Bölükbaş, C.S., Akçay, A., Pekmezci, G.Z., Açıcı, M., & Umur, Ş. (2020). Role of cat and dog faeces in the contamination of sand playgrounds in public parks by Toxocara spp. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 76(8), 441-445. https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6436
22. Kaplan, K., Kuk, S., & Kalkan, A. (2002). Elazığ’daki çocuk parkları ve oyun sahalarında Toxocara sp. araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16, 277- 279.
23. Karaman, Ü., Enginyurt, Ö., Balıkçı Çiçek, İ., Yolalan, G., Top Ş, & Yar, M.T. (2022). The frequency of parasites in primary school gardens in Ordu Province. East Black Sea Journal of Health Sciences, 1, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2014.02.0433
24. Kassai, T. (1999). Veterinary Helminthology. In, Butterworth-Heinemann, Linarce House, Jordon Hill, (pp. 103-108), Oxford.
25. Kazacos, K.R. (1983). Improved method for recovering ascarid and other helminth eggs from soil associated with epizootics and during survey studies. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44, 896-900.
26. Kleine, A., Springer, A., & Strube, C. (2017). Seasonal variation in the prevalence of Toxocara eggs on children’s playgrounds in the city of Hanover, Germany. Parasites and Vectors, 10, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2193-6
27. Köchle, B.R., Garijo-Toledo, M.M., Llobat, L., & Sansano-Maestre, J. (2022). Prevalence of Toxocara Eggs in Public Parks in the City of Valencia (Eastern Spain). Veterinary Sciences, 9(5), 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050232
28. Lorenzo-Rebenaque, L., Lopez-Fernandez, S., Marco-Jimenez, F., Montoro-Dasi, L., Marin, C., Vega, S., Martinez-Manzanares, E., & Farinas, F. (2023). Zoonotic parasites in playgrounds in Southern Spain: a one health approach. Microorganisms, 11, 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030721
29. Marques, J.P., Guimarães, C.D.R., Boas, A.V., Carnaúba, P.U., & Moraes, J.D. (2012). Contamination of public parks and squares from Guarulhos (São Paulo State, Brazil) by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 54, 267-271. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652012000500006
30. Öge, S., & Öge, H. (2000). Prevalence of Toxocara sp. eggs in the soil of public parks in Ankara, Turkey. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 107, 72-75.
31. Oğuz Akbaş, C. (2019). Burdur ili parklarında bulunan oyun alanlarının kedi ve köpek helmint yumurtaları ile kontaminasyonunun araştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Tez no: 573855), Burdur.
32. Overgaauw, P.A., & van Knapen, F. (2013). Veterinary and public health aspects of Toxocara sp. Veterinary Parasitology, 193, 398-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.035
33. Raissi, V., Saber, V., Zibaei, M., Bahadory, S., Akhlaghi, E., Raiesi, O., Aslani, R., Shamsi, L., Graili, A., & Ibrahim, A. (2020). Comparison of the prevalence of Toxocara sp. eggs in public parks soils in different seasons, from 2017 to 2018, Tehran Province, Iran. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8, 450-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.10.007
34. Şahin, T. (2022). Aydın bölgesinde kum havuzu bulunan parklarda zoonoz helmintlerin yaygınlığının belirlenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi (Tez no: 750356), Aydın.
35. Shaikenov, B., Rysmukhambetova, A.T., Massenov, B., Deplazes, P., Mathis, A., & Torgerson, P.R. (2004). The use of a polymerase chain reaction to detect Echinococcus granulosus (G1 strain) eggs in soil samples. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71(4), 441-443. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.441
36. Şimsek, S., Ütük, A.E., & Köroğlu E. (2005). Elazığ’daki bazı okul bahçelerinde Toxocara spp. yumurtalarının yaygınlığı. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 133-136.
37. Smith, H., & Noordin, R. (2006). Diagnostic limitations and future trends in serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. Holland CV, Smith HV. (eds.) Toxocara the enigmatic parasite, CABI Publishing, Cambridge. (p. 89-112). https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845930264.008
38. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1986). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. Bailliere and Tindall, London.
39. Şengür, G., & Öner, Y.A. (2005). Köpeklerde barsak florasının, barsak parazitlerinin araştırılması ve çocuk parklarındaki kumların dışkı ile kontaminasyonundaki rollerinin incelenmesi. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 35, 57-66.
40. Toparlak, M., Gargılı, A., & Tüzer, E. (2002). Contamination of children’s playground sandpits with Toxocara eggs in İstanbul, Turkey. Turkısh Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 26, 317-320.
41. Umeche, N. (1989). Helminth ova in soil from children's playgrounds in Calabar, Nigeria. Central African Journal of Medicine, 35(7), 432-434. https://doi.org/10520/AJA00089176_546
42. Zain, S.M., Rahman, R., & Lewis, J.W. (2015). Stray animal and human defecation as sources of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in playgrounds of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Helminthology, 89(6), 740-747. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X14000716