Histopathological changes of rainbow trout after experimental infection with Lactococcus garvieae

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine both clinical and histopathological changes in experimentally infected rainbow trout with Lactococcus garvieae. Fourty healthy fish samples (50-60 g in weight) were purchased from a commercial farm near Antalya, Turkey and transferred to the laboratory. Each group of fish were challenged a cell density of 6x10⁵ cfu/ml of L. garvieae isolate. The control group was given with the appropriate dilution of the sterile PBS. Fish showed darkening of skin color, lesion on the upper jaw and prolapsus. Internally, they had pale liver and kidney, enlarged spleen and hemorrhagies on the muscle. The control group did not show clinical sings. Histopathologically, the kidney and liver showed haemosiderin deposits. Lamellar fusion and hyperplasia of primary lamellae in the gills, depletions of red and white pulpas in the spleen and necrosis of the gastro-intestinal tract were detected.

Keywords

• Rainbow trout Lactococcus garvieae

References

1. Alsaid, M., Daud, H. H. M., Mustapha, N. M., Bejo, S. K., Abdelhadi, Y. M., Abuselina, A. F., & Hmdan, R. H. (2013). Pathological findings of experimental Streptococcus agalactiae infection in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences (CAMS-2013), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), 70-73.
2. Altun, S., Diler, A., Diler, Ö., Başak, K., & Işıklı, B. I. (2005). Histopathology of streptococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25(3), 131-135.
3. Avci, H., Aydoğan, A., Tanrıkul, T. T., & Birincioğlu, S. S. (2010). Pathological and microbiological investigations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) naturally infected with Lactococcus garvieae. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (Suppl-B), 313-318.
4. Avci, H., Birincioğlu, S. S., Tanrıkul, T.T., Epikmen, T. T., Metin, N., & Avsever, M. L. (2014). Experimental Lactococcus garvieae infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792: a comparative histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Journal of Fish Diseases, 37, 481-495.
5. Culling C. F. A. (1963). Handbook of histopathological techniques. England: Butter Worth Publishing.
6. Didinen, B. I., Yardımcı, B., Onuk, E. E., Metin, S., & Yıldırım, P. (2014). Naturally Lactococcus garvieae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) new histopathological observations, phenotypic and molecular identification. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 165(1-2), 12-19.
7. Diler, O., Altun, S., Adiloğlu, A., Kubilay, A., & Işıklı, B. (2002). First occurrence of streptococcosis affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 22, 21-26.
8. Gupta, E., Bhalla, P., Khurana, N., & Singh, T. (2009). Histopathology for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 27(2), 100-106.

9. Kav, K., & Erganiş, O. (2007). Konya Bölgesinde bulunan gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) çiftliklerinden Lactococcus garvieae izolasyonu, identifikasyonu ve fenotipik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 23, 7-17.
10. Khamesipour, F., Shahrani, M., Raki, A., & Doosti, A. (2014). Detection of Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio cholera in some aquatic fishes of Persian Gulf using polymerase chain reaction. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(3), 44-49.
11. Korun, J., Timur, G., Yardımcı, R. E., & Balci, B. A. (2015). Determination of infections on the cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W) caused by some streptococcal species. Akdeniz University Scientific Research Project Coorodination Section, Project Number: 2011.01.0111.001, 50 p., Antalya.
12. Pereira, F., Ravelo, C., Toranzo, A. E., & Romalde, J. L. (2004). Lactococcus garvieae, an emerging pathogen for the Portuguese trout culture. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 24(6), 274-279.
13. Ravelo, C., Magariños, B., López-Romalde, S., & Toranzo, A. E. (2003). Molecular fingerprintings of fish-pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41, 751-756.
14. Savvidis, G. K., Anatoliotis, C., Kanaki, Z., & Vafeas, G. (2007). Epizootic outbreaks of Lactococcosis disease in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), culture in Greece. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 27(6), 223-228.
15. Sharifiyazdi, H., Akhlaghi, M., Tabatabaei, M., & Mostafavi, S. M. (2010). Isolation and characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) cultured in Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz University, 11(33), 342-350.
16. Ürkü, Ç., & Timur, G. (2014). A comparative study of detection methods for Lactococcus garvieae in experimentally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, IJA-66.2014.1025, 10 pages.
17. Vendrell, D., Balcázar, J. L., Ruiz-Zarzuela, I., Blas, de I., Gironés, O., & Múzquiz, J. L. (2006). Lactococcus garvieae in fish: A review. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 29, 177-198.