Alteration of paraoxonase, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulin G levels in hair goats at different ages

Abstract

In this study, the alteration of paraoxonase, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulin G levels in hair goats at different ages were investigated. 88 hair goats grazed in the same season in Adana (Turkey) were included in the study. Goats were divided into five groups as 0-6 months old, 7-12 months old, 1.5-2 years old, 2.5-6 years old and 7< years old. Paraoxonase activity and ceruloplasmin levels were measured by spectrophotometer and immunoglobulin G was measured with ELISA kit. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in paraoxonase activity, it increased until 6 years of age, but decreased with aging. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in ceruloplasmin levels. While it provided a decrease in values up to the age of 2 and in old age, a little increase was observed in the fourth group. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in immunoglobulin G levels, and it was observed that immunoglobulin G levels increased from newborns to adulthood, decreased with age, but increased again with aging. As a result, aging actually means an increase in reactive oxygen species, the emergence of diseases, and the loss of function of tissues and cells. Based on this, it can be said that as you get older, the body will become open to microorganisms and the emergence of diseases will increase. These results suggest that immunoglobulin G increase with age to protect the body. Paraoxonase and ceruloplasmin levels also showed significant change with age. However, more extensive studies are needed to reveal the cause more precisely.

Keywords

• age
• antioxidant
• hair goats

References

1. Aliasgharpour,M. (2015), A review on copper, ceruloplasmin and wilson's disease. Int J Med Invest, 4(4);344-347.
2. Armstrong, D., (2018), Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress, ISBN: 978-1-60327-218-6.
3. Arnaud P., Gianazza E., Miribel L. (1988) Ceruloplasmin, Methods in Enzymology, 163: 441-452.
4. Aviram, M., Rosenblat, M., Bisgaier C.L., Newton R.S., Primo-Parmo S.L., La Du B.N. (1998), Paraoxonase inhibits high density lipoprotein oxidation and preserves its function: a possible peroxidative role for paraoxonase, J. Clin. Invest., 101: 1581-1590.
5. Aydoğdu U. (2018) Sütçü İnek ve Düvelerde Postpartum Dönem Serum IgG ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelerin Karşılaştırılması, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg 15(1), 46-50.
6. Babalık A. A., Fakir H. (2007), Davraz Dağı Kozağacı Yaylasında (Isparta) keçi otlatmasının bazı çalı türlerinin yaprak morfolojisi üzerindeki etkileri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri: A, Sayı: 2, ISSN: 1302-7085, Sayfa: 1-8.
7. Carr R. L., Dail M.B., Chambers H.W. and Chambers J.E. (2015); Species Differences in Paraoxonase Mediated Hydrolysis of Several Organophosphorus Insecticide Metabolites. J. of Toxicology, Volume 2015, Article ID 470189, 5 pages.
8. Ceron, J., Martinez-Subiela, S., (2004), An automated spectrophotometric method for measuring canine ceruloplasmin in serum. Vet. Res. 35: 671–679.

9. Costa L.G., Vitalone A., Cole T.B., Furlong C.E. (2005) Modulation of paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Biochemical Pharmacology 69: 541–550.
10. Diker, K.S. (2005). Immunoloji. TR: Medisan Publishing (2nd Ed.).
11. Gelsinger S. L., Jones C. M., Heinrichs A. J. (2015). Effect of colostrum heat treatment and bacterial population on immunoglobulin G absorption and health of neonatal calves. J. Dairy Sci. 98:4640–4645.
12. Günlü A., Alaşahan S. (2010); Türkiye’de Keçi Yetiştiriciliği ve Geleceği Üzerine Bazı Değerlendirmeler, Vet Hekim Der Derg 81(2): 15-20.
13. Halliwell B, Gutteridge M.C. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview. Methods in Enzymology. 186: 1-85.
14. Harman D. (1998) Extending functional life span. Exp Gerontol.. 33: 95-112.
15. Hellman N.E., Gitlin J.D. (2002) Ceruloplasmin Metabolism and Function. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 22:439–58.
16. Kavur M. M, Lauc G., Pezer (2021), Systems Glycobiology: Immunoglobulin G glycans as biomarkers and functional effectors in aging and diseases, Comprehensive Glycoscience (Second Edition); 1:439-478.
17. Keskin, M., Gökdal, Ö., Atay, O., Konyalı, A. (2012), Türkiye’de yetiştirilen Keçi Irkları, Tarım Türk Derg., 35(7), Sayfa: 71-74.
18. Küçükaydın A (2005): Ormancılık çalışması ve kıl keçisi. Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi, Nisan-Mayıs Haziran sayısı.
19. Lopez A. J., Jones C. M., Geiger A. J,. Heinrichs A. J (2020) Short communication: Variation in serum immunoglobulin G concentrations from birth to 112 days of age in Holstein calves fed a commercial colostrum replacer or maternal colostrum, J. Dairy Sci. 103:7535–7539.
20. Martinelli N., Girelli D., Olivieri O., Guarini P., Bassi A., Trabetti E., Friso S., Pizzolo F., Bozzini C., Tenuti I., Annarumma L., Schiavon R., Franco Pignatti, P., Corrocher, R. (2009) Novel serum paraoxonase activity assaysare associated with coronary artery disease, Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 47:432–440.
21. Merle, U., Eisenbach,C., Weiss, K.H., Tuma, S., Stremmel, W. (2009), Serum ceruloplasmin oxidase activity is a sensitive and highly specific diagnostic marker for Wilson’s disease, Journal of Hepatology 51: 925–930.
22. Osaka, I., Matsui, Y., Terada, F., (2014). Effect of the mass of immunoglobulin (Ig)G intake and age at first colostrum feeding on serum IgG concentration in Holstein calves. J. Dairy Sci. 97 :6608–6612.
23. Prohaska J.R., Gybina A.A. (2005) Rat brain iron concentration is lower following perinatal copperdeficiency, Neurochem. 93, 698–705.
24. Seresa, I., Paragha G., Descheneb, E., Fulop, T. Jr., Khalil, A. (2004), Study of factors influencing the decreased HDL associated PON1 activity with aging, Experimental Gerontology 39 : 59–66.
25. Stadtman E.R. (2002) Importance of individuality in oxidative stress and aging. Free Rad Bio Med.; 33(5): 597-604.
26. Stott G.H., Fellah A. (1983). Colostral immunoglobulin absorption linearly related to concentration for calves. J. Dairy Sci. 66:1319–1328.
27. Şekeroğlu ZA. (2009). Oksidatif mitokondrial hasar ve yaşlanmadaki önemi. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi. 2(2), 69-74.
28. Tapiero H., Townsend D.M., Tew K.D. (2003) Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 57: 386–398.